面向“十四五”谋篇布局统筹推进创新基础设施建设

随着新型基础设施在经济社会发展中的基础性、战略性作用日益突显,其内涵也从最初的5G、物联网等逐步拓展至包含信息、融合和创新3种类型的基础设施。创新基础设施是信息技术前沿发展和技术进步的支撑平台,也是新型基础设施形态得以持续演进、功能得以不断拓展的动力源;将创新基础设施纳入新型基础设施的范畴,体现了国家对科技创新的充分信任和殷切期待。厘清3类新型基础设施的内涵与关系,认清当前创新基础设施发展面临的问题和挑战,在“十四五”时期高效布局创新基础设施,对于统筹提升新型基础设施的供给质量和效率具有重要意义。     

健身气功八段锦功法初探

针对当今社会人们在学习、生活、工作等方面压力越来越大、无法长期坚持体育锻炼而造成体质下降等现象,本文向大家介绍八段锦健身气功新功法,旨在为大家缓解压力、解除疲劳、促进身心健康提供一些参考。     

Health-related fitness knowledge growth in middle school years: Individual- and school-level correlates

BackgroundHealth-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) has been an essential concept for many health and physical education programs. There has been limited understanding and longitudinal investigation on HRFK growth. This longitudinal study examined HRFK growth and its individual- and school-level correlates in middle school years under 1 curriculum condition: Five for Life.MethodsParticipants were 12,044 students from 47 middle schools. Data were collected at both individual/participant and school/institution levels. Individual-level variables included gender, grade, and HRFK test scores. School-level variables included percentage of students receiving free and reduced meals (FARM), student-to-faculty ratio for physical education, and school academic performance (SAP). We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine HRFK 3-year growth in relation to individual- and school-level correlates.ResultsThe average HRFK score at 6th grade for females was 42.81% ± 1.32%. The predicted HRFK growth was 17.06% ± 1.02% per year, holding other factors constant. A 1-standard deviation increase in FARM correlated with a 14.68%-point decrease in predicted test score (p = 0.02). A 1-standard deviation increase in SAP was associated with an 11.90%-point increase in HRFK score. Males had a significantly lower growth rate than females during the middle school years (0.78%/year, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe result showed that both individual- and school-level variables such as gender, FARM, and SAP influenced HRFK growth. Educators should heed gender differences in growth curves and recognize the correlates of school-level variables.     

固态继电器在全新风机组中的应用

本文介绍了应用固态继电器及可编程逻辑控制器实现的控制全新风空调机组送风温度的方法。使用这种方法设计的空调机控制系统在有效控制机组的送风温度的同时大大节约了生产成本。     

建设体育强国背景下体育经济重要地位及其发展策略

加快体育强国建设已成为一项国策,研究如何提高和建设可持续发展性的体育产业经济以解决人民日益增长的美好体育生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾对建设体育强国具有重要意义。采用哲学辩证理论分析体育产业经济对体育强国构建的重要性,统计分析目前我国体育产业经济发展现状及其与发达国家的差距,结合十九大新时代背景下给出未来体育产业经济发展策略以期寻求为构建体育强国给出一些指导意见。认为：体育经济是体育强国的重要基石;开展全民健身运动、优化体育产业结构、政府政策导向市场化、跨产业融合增加与其他产业的结合度对构建体育强国具有重要的意义。     

Temporal trends in 6-minute walking distance for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017

BackgroundThe 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) is an excellent measure of both functional endurance and health. The primary aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in 6MWD for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017; the secondary aim was to estimate concurrent trends in body size (i.e., height and mass) and self-reported participation in exercise/sport.MethodsAdults aged 65–79 years were included. Annual nationally representative 6MWD data (n = 103,505) for the entire period were obtained from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Temporal trends in means (and relative frequencies) were estimated at the gender–age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear/polynomial regression models, with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Temporal trends in distributional variability were estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2017 there was a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD (absolute = 45 m (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 43–47); percent = 8.0% (95%CI: 7.6%–8.4%); effect size = 0.51 (95%CI: 0.48–0.54)). Gender- and age-related temporal differences in means were negligible. Variability in 6MWD declined substantially (ratio of coefficients of variation = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87–0.92), with declines larger for women compared to men, and for 75–79-year-olds compared to 65–74-year-olds. Correspondingly, there were moderate and negligible increases in mean height and mass, respectively, and negligible increases in the percentage who participated in exercise/sport at least 3 days per week and at least 30 min per session.ConclusionThere has been a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD for older Japanese adults since 1998, which is suggestive of corresponding improvements in both functional endurance and health. The substantial decline in variability indicates that the temporal improvement in mean 6MWD was not uniform across the distribution. Trends in 6MWD are probably influenced by corresponding trends in body size and/or participation in exercise/sport.     

从中国教育指数看中国教育“十三五”发展趋向——基于2021年版与2017年版IEC的比较

大数据时代背景下,中国教育指数（IEC）是实现中国教育现代化发展和教育治理水平监测、追踪和历史比较的重要工具。基于2021年版与2017年版IEC结果的常模参照比较发现:“十三五”期间（2016-2020年）,中国教育发展的整体势头向好,尤其是大部分中西部省区在教育软、硬实力建设、教育创新、教育生态及可持续发展等方面与省域头名（北京）的整体差距有所缩小;“十三五”期间中国31个省（不含港、澳、台）在教育法治、教育信息化、创造性教育产出等领域的发展卓有成效,而在教育投入、教育公平、中等职业教育和成人教育创新发展、大学生创业、教育生态等方面差距愈发凸显。分区域来看,东部、中部地区以及京津冀、长江经济带等战略区域的发展势头较好,而东北和西部省区教育发展整体相对滞后。     

大学生职业生涯规划探讨

职业生涯规划,关系着一个人是否能在社会环境中找到自己的正确定位、充分发挥自己的潜能、走向成功.它是大学生迈入社会,实现自己人生抱负的关键一步.大学生当前面临职业生涯理念模糊,学校所提供的相应服务亦需要完善等问题,因此,大学生应提高对职业生涯规划重要性的认识,积极进行职业生涯规划;学校也应帮助学生制订切合实际的职业生涯规划.     

贯彻《教育规划纲要》建设高水平的民办大学

全国教育工作会议的召开和《教育规划纲要》的颁布,是我国教育事业改革发展的新的里程碑,意义重大,影响深远。学习宣传、贯彻落实好全国教育工作会议和《教育规划纲要》精神,是高等学校今后一个时期的重要任务和中心工作。民办高校是高等教育事业发展的重要增长点和促进教育改革的重要力量。注重以人为本,强化质量意识,突出办学特色,是贯彻落实《教育规划纲要》的重要举措,也是创建高水平民办大学的迫切需要。     

儿童青少年体能发展敏感期相关热点问题

近年来,旨在提高儿童青少年体质健康的研究众多,其中儿童青少年体能发展敏感期问题的研究正成为热点研究。通过文献资料法和逻辑分析法等,对近30年来“敏感期”相关文献进行梳理。研究表明：国内外“敏感期”的界定标准不统一,难以形成科学成果;“敏感期”干预方法单一,缺乏综合干预方法;“敏感期”与“非敏感期”干预效果的研究还存在争议。研究认为：“敏感期”不仅受儿童青少年生理、心理因素的影响,同时遗传、环境、社会经济等对“敏感期”也具有重要作用。因此,未来应深入研究“敏感期”的构成因素,重视理论研究与实践研究相结合,强化“敏感期”的综合研究。