新疆竞技武术套路后备人才培养的发展对策研究

文章采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等研究方法,以新疆竞技武术套路后备人才为研究对象,详细了解了新疆目前竞技武术套路后备人才培养的整体情况,认真剖析了后备人才培养中存在的主要问题。为了促进新疆竞技武术套路后备人才培养的良性发展,应该加强竞技武术套路的宣传力度;深化后备力量培养体制改革;完善竞赛制度建设,加强竞赛制度实施;加强教练员队伍建设,提高教练员综合素质水平;加强对民办武术馆校、武术俱乐部的监督管理。     

高校社会体育专业实施“3＋1”教育模式探讨

通过对＂3＋1＂教育模式和高校社会体育专业人才培养目标的研究,表明高校社会体育专业实施＂3＋1＂教育模式,在学校社会体育专业的建设和发展,企事业单位群众体育开展和体育人才引进,学生实践能力培养等方面具有不可比拟的作用。因此认为,＂3＋1＂教育模式是高校社会体育专业人才培养的新选择。     

对培养专业运动员情感态度价值观的思考

专业训练的真正价值不仅仅是运动技术的传授,它还具有培养队员正确的情感、态度、价值观的功能,也就是具有塑造精神、塑造灵魂、塑造信仰的功能,并具有其优势和特点。本文面对队员情感、态度、价值观方面的问题分析其原因,从心理学角度认识情感、态度、价值观的内涵,并从教练、训练课堂以及活动与比赛等方面建议如何培养队员健康的情感、积极的态度和正确的价值观。     

山西省田径后备人才训练现状的调查分析

该文运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法等研究方法对山西省田径后备人才训练现状的进行了跟踪调查,并获取了详细的研究资料。在此基础上,从运动员人数、训练项目、训练动机、心理训练和文化教育等方面,对山西省田径后备人才训练现状进行了深入的分析和探讨,并进一步提出了相应的改进措施,旨在对山西省田径后备人才培养的质量以及提高田径运动水平提供了一定的理论参考和实践借鉴。     

新疆冰上运动项目竞技水平发展对策研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法等,对新疆冰上运动项目发展的基础、有利因素、竞技水平发展现状等进行调查分析,提出促进新疆冰上运动竞技水平发展的对策：加强领导,为冰上运动发展提供强有力的政策保障;加大资金扶持力度,建立多元化投入机制,加强硬件条件建设;对新疆冰上运动项目人才队伍体系进行科学建设.为推动新疆冰上运动项目竞技体制的进一步改革提供理论依据.     

全运会田径项目金牌区域归属的动态演变

运用文献资料、数理统计等研究方法,对第9届至第12届全运会田径各项目金牌的区域归属进行了统计分析。结果表明：田径各项目金牌强势板块为华东地区与华北地区,华南地区、东北地区、西南地区列为较强势板块,华中地区、西南地区、台港澳特区被划分为弱势板块;华东地区在各项目上的发展比较均衡,其他地区发展很不均衡,华南地区以速度性项群为主,华北地区以快速力量性项群为主,东北地区以综合性项群和耐力性项群为主。     

Coaches' Use of Anticipatory and Counterfactual Regret Messages During Competition

By focusing on coaches' use of anticipatory and counterfactual regret messages, this investigation examined video footage (i.e., pre-game, halftime, and post-game speeches) of high school football coaches' interaction with their athletes during competition. Participants were 17 high school football coaches who were found to use a combination of regret messages: accountability, individual performance, collective failure, social significance, regret reduction, and future regret. Results describe how coaches use these regret message types during different points in athletic competition and how they vary as a function of team success (winning or losing at the time of the speech) and whether the game occurred during the regular or post-season. Applications for coaches, including pedagogical and athlete emotional response, are discussed.     

Energy system contributions in middle-distance running events

The aim of this study was to estimate the energy contributions in middle-distance running events for male and female university athletes. The oxygen uptake (VO2) response during high-speed running was measured directly during exhaustive treadmill tests. Muscle mass was estimated using anthropometry. Each athlete completed an average of three races over 400 m, 800 m or 1500 m. Five minutes after each race, they provided a blood sample for determination of blood lactate concentration. For each race, energy cost, which was expressed as oxygen equivalents, was calculated as the sum of the aerobic and anaerobic components. The aerobic contribution was calculated as the sum of oxygen stores (2.3 ml O2.kg body mass-1) and total VO2 (based on the VO2 response to treadmill running). The anaerobic contribution was calculated as the sum of the energy available from phosphocreatine stores (37 ml O2.kg muscle mass-1) and the energy from glycolysis (3.0 ml O2.kg body mass-1 per mmol.l-1 increase in blood lactate concentration). For the women, the anaerobic energy contributions for the 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m averaged 62% 33% and 17% respectively. For the men, the anaerobic contributions averaged 63%39% and 20%respectively. This information will help coaches and sport scientists to design and implement individualized training programmes.     

Choice of sprint start performance measure affects the performance-based ranking within a group of sprinters: which is the most appropriate measure?

Sprint start performance has previously been quantified using several different measures. This study aimed to identify whether different measures could influence the performance-based ranking within a group of 12 sprinters, and if so, to identify the most appropriate measure. None of the 10 performance measures ranked all sprinters in the same order; Spearman's rho correlations between different block phase measures ranged from 0.50 to 0.94, and between block phase measures and those obtained beyond block exit from 0.66 to 0.85. Based on the consideration of what each measure quantifies, normalised average horizontal external power was identified as the most appropriate, incorporating both block velocity and the time spent producing this velocity. The accuracy with which these data could be obtained in an externally valid field setting was assessed against force platform criterion data. For an athlete producing 678 ± 40 W of block power, a carefully set-up manual high-speed video analysis protocol produced systematic and random errors of +5 W and ± 24 W, respectively. Since the choice of performance measure could affect the conclusions drawn from a technique analysis, for example the success of an intervention, it is proposed that external power is used to quantify start performance.     

Differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners at equal and maximal speeds

In the finishing kick of a distance race, maximizing speed becomes the focus even if economy may be sacrificed. If distance runners knew how to alter their technique to become more sprint-like, this process could be more successful. In this study, we compared the differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners while running at equal and maximal speeds. Athletes consisted of 10 Division I distance runners, 10 Division I sprinters, and 10 healthy non-runners. They performed two tests, each consisting of a 60-m run on the track: Test 1 at a set pace of 5.81 m/s, while Test 2 was maximal speed. Video was collected at 180 Hz. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the sprint and distance groups at maximal speeds were found in the following areas: speed, minimum hip angle, knee extension at toe-off, stride length, contact time, and recovery knee at touchdown. In Test 1, sprinters and distance runners displayed many of the same significant differences. The control group was similar to the distance group in both trials. As distance runners attempt to sprint, the desired adjustments do not necessarily occur. Distance runners may benefit from biomechanical interventions to improve running speed near the end of a race.