区域竞技体育发展现状与社会人口结构的相关研究

分别以我国六大区域(华北、东北、华东、中南、西南、西北)为研究对象,运用文献资料、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法,对区域竞技体育现状与社会人口结构(职业、城乡、文化、年龄、发展及分布结构)进行相关分析.结果表明:传统型人口产业结构是制约我国竞技体育发展的重要因素,发展型和现代型人口产业结构对竞技体育发展具有积极影响.竞技体育与非农业人口成正向关系,与农业人口成反向关系.竞技体育与高文化程度人群存在显著正相关.年轻型人口社会可为竞技体育发展提供人才储备,成年型人口社会是竞技体育发展的"黄金时期",而老年型人口社会可能制约竞技体育的发展.人口发展结构与竞技体育呈负相关,人口分布结构也可通过一些渠道影响竞技体育.     

安徽体育运动职业技术学院近3届毕业生就业情况的分析与思考

通过数据统计分析等方法,对安徽体育运动职业技术学院毕业生的就业现状、就业特点和就业压力等方面进行了分析和探讨,并在此基础上对毕业生就业指导、专业设置、教学改革、市场开拓等方面提出了针对性的建议.     

从世界田径锦标赛看世界田径竞争格局的嬗变

运用文献资料法和数理统计法,收集了1-14届世界田径锦标赛各参赛国获得金牌、奖牌和进入前8名国家数并进行统计分析,对世界田径格局的动态变化情况进行了梳理。指出当前世界田径各集团分化更加明显,竞争关系日益明朗;区域竞争实力发展不平衡,地区差异明显;国际交流加强,导致竞争更加多元化;新老交替加快,新生力量不断涌现。     

British running performances in the eighteenth century

Our aims were to improve our understanding of human performance before 1850 and to put nineteenth- and twentieth-century performances into a broader historical context. Consequently, 536 foot-races performed in Britain in the 'long' eighteenth century were identified, 53 of which were analysed in detail. The best performances at the end of the eighteenth century were compared with those at the end of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The data for the nineteenth century were marginally better than those for the eighteenth century up to 20 km, but beyond that Thomas Carlisle's time, set in about 1740, of 2 hours for 21 miles was outstanding. Current records are shown to be better than earlier records at all distances from 5 km up to the marathon, the superiority being most pronounced from 15 km upwards.     

The baton exchange during the 4×100 m relay: a mathematical analysis

Using mathematical analysis, we examined the three baton exchanges that occur during a 4×100 m relay. Identical representative 100 m running performances were assumed for each of four elite male athletes, and the calculations were made for optimal or near-optimal positions of the baton exchanges and starting positions of the athletes running the second, third and fourth legs as determined by Ward-Smith and Radford (2002). In this paper, we focus on the calculation of the checkmark position and demonstrate the complexity of the baton exchange process. The results of the mathematical analysis show that, for optimal performance, the checkmark should be located differently for each of the three exchanges in a single race, and is further affected by lane draw and free distance (the distance between the runners at the baton exchange). For a representative free distance of 1 m at each exchange, the checkmark distance ranges from a minimum of 11.04 m at the third exchange in Lane 1 to 12.20 m for the first exchange in Lane 8. Failure by teams and their coaches to consider adequately the complexities of the baton exchanges may help explain why 25.5% of teams in recent World Championships were disqualified or did not finish.     

Optimum take-off angle in the long jump

In this study, we found that the optimum take-off angle for a long jumper may be predicted by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the measured relations between take-off speed, take-off height and take-off angle for the athlete. The prediction method was evaluated using video measurements of three experienced male long jumpers who performed maximum-effort jumps over a wide range of take-off angles. To produce low take-off angles the athletes used a long and fast run-up, whereas higher take-off angles were produced using a progressively shorter and slower run-up. For all three athletes, the take-off speed decreased and the take-off height increased as the athlete jumped with a higher take-off angle. The calculated optimum take-off angles were in good agreement with the athletes' competition take-off angles.     

Changes in long jump take-off technique with increasingrun-up speed

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of run-up speed on take-off technique in the long jump. Seventy-one jumps by an elite male long jumper were recorded in the sagittal plane by a high-speed video camera. A wide range of run-up speeds was obtained using direct intervention to set the length of the athlete's run-up. As the athlete's run-up speed increased, the jump distance and take-off speed increased, the leg angle at touchdown remained almost unchanged, and the take-off angle and take-off duration steadily decreased. The predictions of two previously published mathematical models of the long jump take-off are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.     

2019多哈田径世锦赛奖牌分布特征分析

通过文献资料法、录像分析法、数理统计法等对2019年多哈田径世锦赛的金牌及奖牌数进行统计分析,对奖牌的设立、奖牌的洲际分布情况和各个田径项群的竞技实力进行分析。结果显示:美洲冠绝一时,在金牌和奖牌总数上仍然首屈一指,尤其是在速度性项目和快速力量性项目上独占鳌头,欧洲的竞技实力被削弱,但在体能综合类项目上实力超群;非洲在具有传统优势的耐力项目上发挥出色,形成垄断,但其他项目亟待发展;大洋洲的表现平澹无奇,成绩不如上届;亚洲的整体发展水平提高,主要体现在快速力量性和竞走项目上,其中国队创下了26年来最佳战绩。     

四川省竞技武术套路项目发展对策研究

采用访谈法、问卷研究法、文献资料法、数理统计法和对比分析法进行研究,旨在全面掌握四川省竞技武术套路发展现状,分析认为四川省竞技武术套路发展中对运动员梯队建设不足已成为困扰四川竞技武术项目发展的主要矛盾,此外在运动技术发展上、科学化训练上与高水平运动队存在差距等因素困扰着四川竞技武术的发展。对此,课题针对性地提出项目发展对策,以期促进四川省竞技武术运动形成良好的运动员梯队体系和训练运作体制,为四川武术长久的可持续发展争取提供理论上的依据。     

论竞技运动与人类文明

原始人类的物质、精神实践及其繁衍诸因素共同促使了竞技运动的产生。竞技运动的发展规律趋向感性与理性的统一、自然力与工具力的统一。当前后现代社会出现了人与自然的矛盾、科技的悖论、高度组织化、人的自然力退化等问题。时代呼唤竞技运动走绿色体育、娱乐体育、自我体育的道路 ,达到运动竞技与人类文明的协调发展。