大数据时代的科研革新

大数据时代,人们正在以“分析全样本、接收非精确、发现相关性”的新思维探索世界。相应的技术手段日渐成熟,包含大数据处理系统、新型知识服务模式、智能决策支持的大数据科研服务平台有望成为科研新工具。新技术结合新理念,大数据正在加速科学发现、凝聚科学共同体、改变知识生产模式,数据密集型科学有可能成为科研“第四范式”。为了获取新一轮科技竞争优势、提高社会生产力,大数据将在科技政策中占有重要地位,不过,也要防范大数据的负面影响。     

大数据的“豆形”可视化及其在资本市场中的应用

"大数据"时代催发了可视化技术的再创新。"豆形图"以其处理海量数据的超强能力可以直观地展现大数据的结构特征,并为大数据的可视化分析奠定基础。本文首先引入"豆形图"及其可视化大数据的特征,并将其应用于资本市场中典型的金融大数据——超高频数据,构造用于可视化分析的豆形时间序列,分析数据的日内模式和动态特征,为大数据的可视化技术开辟新的方向。     

Users’ ability to perceive misinformation: An information quality assessment approach

Digital information exchange enables quick creation and sharing of information and thus changes existing habits. Social media is becoming the main source of news for end-users replacing traditional media. This also enables the proliferation of fake news, which misinforms readers and is used to serve the interests of the creators. As a result, automated fake news detection systems are attracting attention. However, automatic fake news detection presents a major challenge; content evaluation is increasingly becoming the responsibility of the end-user. Thus, in the present study we used information quality (IQ) as an instrument to investigate how users can detect fake news. Specifically, we examined how users perceive fake news in the form of shorter paragraphs on individual IQ dimensions. We also investigated which user characteristics might affect fake news detection. We performed an empirical study with 1123 users, who evaluated randomly generated stories with statements of various level of correctness by individual IQ dimensions. The results reveal that IQ can be used as a tool for fake news detection. Our findings show that (1) domain knowledge has a positive impact on fake news detection; (2) education in combination with domain knowledge improves fake news detection; and (3) personality trait conscientiousness contributes significantly to fake news detection in all dimensions.     

大数据智能推荐技术应用下供应链决策优化研究

以直播带货供应链为背景,研究大数据智能推荐技术水平在何种条件下才能使得供应链中的零售商引入直播带货盈利的问题。研究认为对于中小型电商企业而言,只有在大数据智能推荐技术水平处于一定范围,且直播带货的潜在市场份额也满足一定条件时,零售商才能从中盈利。     

原初引力波与暴胀宇宙学

2014年3月17日,天文学家宣布在宇宙微波背景辐射中发现了B模式偏振。根据暴胀宇宙学模型的预言,B模式偏振是宇宙诞生之初产生的原初引力波留在宇宙微波背景辐射中的特殊痕迹。引力波作为广义相对论的重要预言,至今没有得到确证,这一发现是引力波理论提出以来关于引力波存在的最重要证据。同时,这一发现强有力地支持了大爆炸和暴胀理论,或对今后宇宙学的发展产生深远影响。     

浅谈降低油品损耗的几点措施

能源是实现人类可持续发展中相互关联的经济、社会和环境目标的核心.石油及其产品是目前主要的能源形式.本文就油品损耗的机理、危害、原因作了一定的分析,并采取切实、可行、有效的措施,重在回收利用,同时加强油品储运经营管理,以此降低油品损耗.     

马克思的社会发展"五形态"说与中国社会以资本主义制度的跨越

马克思的社会发展“五形态”说是人类历史总体发展一般规律的概括，中国社会对资本主义制度的跨跃是社会形态更替的具体形式。中国社会对资本主义制度跨跃是在马克思的社会发展“五形态”说的指导下完成的，中国社会对资本主义制度跨跃的成功，是对马克思的社会发展“五形态”说的科学性的征明，而不是否定。     

对科技创新的几点认识

我国对科技创新一直都有政策规划 ,目前在政策导向中重心也很明显 ,跨越式发展是技术创新的一个特别模式     

Exploring the forward citation patterns of patents based on the evolution of technology fields

Forward citations of patents have been used extensively to capture the impact of technological knowledge. However, our understanding of the factors shaping patent citation patterns remains limited. One of the main limitations is the lack of scholarly attention paid to the dynamic influences arising from the evolution of technology fields. From an evolutionary perspective, technological impact is not simply determined by the static attributes of a technology itself; it is also dynamically affected by changes in the external conditions. Drawing on this viewpoint, this study suggests a model for understanding patent citation patterns by reflecting the evolution of the technology fields to which each patent belongs. Four such factors are explored: technology cycle time, potential of technological convergence, popularity of the technology field, and technological novelty. Based on the proposed model, we show how expected citation patterns can change as a result of different scenarios for technology field evolution. We conduct a case study of patents in the information technology and healthcare industries to show citation patterns of patents across heterogeneous industries as well as those within an industry. Contributions to the innovation literature and research investment decisions are discussed.     

Medical students' attitudes toward the anatomy dissection room in relation to personality

Assessment of the personalities of medical students could enable medical educators to formulate strategies for the best development of academic and clinical competencies. In this article, we focus on the experience of students in the anatomy dissecting room. While there have been many attempts to evaluate the emotional responses of medical students to human cadaveric dissection, there has been no investigation into how different personality traits affect the responses. The main hypothesis tested was that there is a relationship between personality traits and attitudes toward the dissection room. For the present study, a group of French medical students (n = 403; mean age 21.3 ± 1.6; 65.3% female) completed a "Big Five" personality inventory and a questionnaire to assess their attitudes in regard to human dissection. The findings are consistent with our hypothesis, in that we found a relationship between reporting anxiety and four of the "Big Five" dimensions (all except openness). The rated level of anxiety was positively correlated with negative affectivity, more strongly at the beginning than at the end of the course. There were significant gender differences in attitudes toward dissection. The findings are discussed in relation to the possibility of preparing students for the dissecting room experience and also in relation to the students' understanding of mortality issues.