Socio-political factors and the failure of innovation policy in Croatia as a country in transition

This paper discusses the roles of socio-political factors and related public policies in the economic growth of Croatia, as well as their influence on its transition to a knowledge economy (KE). The Croatian experience might help to understand transition processes in other Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). This paper argues that Croatia has failed to capitalize on its inherited science base, which could have been used as a starting point in the transition towards a KE, because it has not made the shift from an obsolete socialist-style science policy to a modern innovation policy (IP); the latter is seen as the new policy paradigm necessary for structural adjustment to a KE.Covert socio-political growth factors shaped by the country-specific historical heritage of Croatia have prevented the recognition of the need for structural adjustment to the new technology regime, and have led to the belief that the IP is not only irrelevant but is also a relict of the state interventionism inherited from socialism, which was the most serious obstacle to policy reform.Examples drawn from the development of the IP and the National System of Innovation (NSI) in Croatia, which shares the socialist model of science policy and the socio-political context of the transition towards a market economy with other CEECs, can help to explain the failure of the IP. In the Croatian case, the decisive factors were the social state of so-called “semi-modernism” and the governance of the so-called “de-industrializing elite”.This paper concludes that the transition of a CEEC from a market economy to a KE requires a serious re-design of development policy, the effectiveness of which depends on social change determined by the political recognition and social assimilation of the new technological regime. In this sense, the current paper contributes to the understanding of the roles of social capital and governance in the economic growth of post-socialist countries.     

我国台湾省数字化学位论文资源及其特点

本文综述了我国台湾省数字化学位论文资源建设的历史和现状,并从用户角度讨论其建设和服务的若干特点。     

浅谈下一代互联网协议IPv6

随着Internet的飞速发展,IPv4的缺陷逐渐凸现。针对这个问题,文章介绍了IPv6产生的背景以及IPv6的新特性,同时阐述了从现有的IPv4网络过渡到IPv6的策略。     

台湾地位的历史考察

宋元时期,中国开始在台湾设置政治机构和军事驻防;明代,台澎地区成为中国重要的海防前沿;清政府在台湾设省之后,台湾有了更快的发展,但在中日甲午战争之后,台湾被割让给日本;民国时期,中国依据《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》及《日本无条件投降书》收回了对台湾的主权。台湾是中国的一部分,是历史延续下来的事实,也是早已确定的国际法规范。     

莫高窟第449窟东壁北侧非《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》辨析

有学者提出莫高窟经变中的经架只出现于《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》中,而且是判定《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》的特定标志,从而认为第449窟东壁门北有经架画面的《报父母恩重经变》应为《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》。本文对第449窟东壁门北是否为《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》进行了辨析,并说明经变中的经架并非判别《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》的唯一标志。     

Transition to formal schooling: Do transition practices matter for academic performance?

This study examined whether the transition practices implemented in preschool-elementary school pairs contribute to children's academic development during the first year of elementary school. Participants were 398 children who moved from 36 preschools to 22 elementary schools in two Finnish towns. Children were tested in respect to their reading, writing, and math skills in the preschool spring and in the grade 1 spring. The most common practices reported by preschool teachers were discussions about the school entrants and familiarizing preschool children with the school environment and the new teacher. Multilevel latent growth modeling showed that the more the preschool teachers and elementary-school teachers implemented various supportive activities during the preschool year, the faster the children's skills developed from preschool to grade 1 spring. Co-operation over curricula and passing on written information about children between the preschool and the elementary school were the best predictors of the children's skills, although they were the least commonly used practices. The need to restructure the transition to elementary school and the use of multiprofessional resources are discussed.     

Negotiating for change: women’s movements and education reform in Taiwan

The dramatic changes during the past 20 years in Taiwan offer a good example of how gender policy in education is facilitated by a combination of interrelated economic, political and social forces. Taiwan’s policy on gender education emerged from the interaction of state, education, academic and non‐academic feminist positions in reforms. This paper demonstrates – first, the importance of the socio‐political contexts in which reform was proposed, and second, the actions of feminists in making best use of the opportunities thrown up by a confluence of social factors. The social, economic and political transformations of the 1980s saw the rise of a ‘new’ state both supposedly and in reality more responsive to the needs of non‐profit organisations. In testing out relationships of partnership with the state, feminist activists saw the deregulation of education as an opportunity to get women’s issues on the agenda. These reforms were catalysed by a series of social events bringing together supporters in a mood of celebration, protest or mourning specifically in response to particular events. The struggles, contentions, and negotiations that underlay the eventual approval of gender reform in education are illustrated.     

台湾节日文化变迁与未来发展趋势

节日是相对于平常之日而言的,台湾传统节日文化源于中国传统文化,由于主政者的更迭和社会力量的推动,台湾节日文化的内容有一些改变,但在两岸和谐共处的大前提下,从有利于两岸沟通交流的角度出发,有必要努力建构一个开放的、自由的节日公共领域,在提升传统节日的文化认同感、增强节日的娱乐休闲功能及开发节日的经济社会效能三个方面注意其未来发展趋势。     

晚清台湾电报的创办及割台后中日间之交涉

同治十三年日本出兵侵台,钦差大臣沈葆桢首倡设立福州至台湾之间电报,以通消息。后因沈氏调任两江总督,而未及实施。光绪三年,福建巡抚丁日昌奏准设立台湾电报,并建成自台湾府城至旗后和安平的两条线路,总长九十五里。这是中国自己修建并由中国人掌管的第一条电报线,在中国邮电史上具有重大意义。台湾建省之后,首任巡抚刘铭传进行一系列近代化建设,其中包括台湾电报的建设,并敷设了闽台海底电报线。甲午战后,台湾割让,李经方据理力争,拒绝了将闽台海底电报线移交给日本的无理要求。此后,中国与日本进行长达数年的交涉,最终迫于形势,不得不将闽台海底电报线让售与日本。     

Implicit attitudes toward children may be unrelated to child abuse risk

Objective

To explore whether adults possess implicit attitudes toward children and whether those attitudes are especially negative among respondents who are high in child physical abuse (CPA) risk.

Methods

The present study used an implicit evaluative priming procedure. In this procedure, participants were instructed to make decisions about the evaluative implications of target words. These words were preceded by photographs of child faces or adult faces displaying positive, neutral, or negative expressions. Reaction times for the evaluative decisions were used as an index of the extent to which photos invoked negative or positive evaluative reactions.

Results

Results from 2 studies, the first conducted on a student sample (N = 90) and the second on a parent sample (N = 95), demonstrated that evaluative congruence between the facial expressions displayed in photographs and the target words facilitated responses. Furthermore, the results suggested that regardless of CPA risk, child faces, relative to adult faces, facilitated responses to negative target words, suggesting an out-group bias. This implicit out-group bias was not moderated by respondents’ CPA risk status.

Conclusions

Faces of children, relative to faces of adults, appear to activate negative information structures that facilitate evaluative decisions of negative stimuli, suggesting an out-group bias. Given that out-group biases typically lead to less favorable treatment of out-group members, additional research is needed to examine the pervasiveness of negative evaluative biases towards children and the potential implications of such biases on children's lives. Further, research examining whether high CPA risk parents and low CPA risk parents differ in how they manage initial negative evaluative reactions is needed.