西方认识论与现代性关系之探讨

认识论和现代性两者之间存在着深层的、内在的关联。这个论题起码包括如下三个方面 :1、 17世纪的科学革命是作为第一哲学的认识论兴起的现代性背景 ;2、与古代认识论相比较 ,作为第一哲学的认识论体现了哲学自身的现代性 ;3、笛卡儿以来的认识论传统和西方现代文化的一些核心观念之间存在着复杂的相互支持的关系     

Une personnalité du monde de l’Éducation nouvelle: Charles Ange Laisant (1841–1920) et son combat politique pour une éducation rationnelle fondée sur la science

In the world of nineteenth‐century educators Charles Ange Laisant occupies a special place. Laisant’s training, which was that of the French elite, opened up an administrative career but at the same time he continued to work and publish in the subject area of mathematics. His research demonstrates that he was clearly an accepted member of the scientific world, and he met the most eminent mathematicians of his day. Laisant played a major role in structuring the mathematical community, both nationally and internationally. He participated prominently in the battle that led to a change in the status and teaching of science in many countries in the early twentieth century. He is also one of those individuals who dedicated themselves to the renewal of pedagogy and to the goals of the new education. Yet, Laisant is still largely unknown; perhaps because of the profusion of his activities and interests he remains beyond the limits of traditional analysis. The author has chosen here, after retracing Laisant’s life in all its diversity, to focus on the profound unity of thought that characterised his mind. Laisant’s life as an educator allows us to understand how politics, science and teaching were inextricably linked, and to witness how personalities so diverse, even opposing, could come together to pursue common goals of educational reform.     

Tracing the Conceptions and Treatment of Genre in Anglo-American Cataloging

This study examines the conceptions and treatment of genre in four sets of modern Anglo-American cataloging rules spanning 171 years. Genre-related rules are first identified through “genre(s),” “form(s),” and “type(s)” keyword searches, and manual examination of the contents, then analyzed by level of treatment genre receives and by user tasks, as defined in the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. While genre is found to be sporadically addressed across the rules, its significance has increased over time. In conclusion, the authors call for a rigorous and functional definition of genre and an integrated approach to genre in cataloging.     

“A Capital and Novel Argument”: Charles Darwin's Notebooks and the Productivity of Rhetorical Consciousness

With the rise of poststructuralist critiques of the autonomous subject, attention has shifted from the nature of “intentional persuasion” to the constitutive nature of discourse. Although this turn has led to valuable new insights into the nature of rhetoric, it also threatens to discount one of the most vital contributions of the rhetorical tradition—the nature of rhetorical invention. This essay seeks to recover the notion of invention by drawing from John Dewey's naturalistic interpretation of experience. In Dewey's framework, “consciousness” is neither the private contents of thought nor a point of articulation for social discourse, but a practice of manipulating public meanings as a means of responding to problematic situations. I then use Dewey's notion to advance the concept of a “rhetorical consciousness,” which I define in terms of the sophistical principles of imitatio and dissoi logoi. To demonstrate the pragmatic significance of this concept, I then show, through an analysis of Charles Darwin's notebooks, how Darwin employed his own rhetorical consciousness within his struggle to invent the revolutionary arguments that led up to his publication of On the Origin of Species. My hope is that this naturalistic interpretation of rhetorical invention will contribute to the ongoing project of cultivating a more intelligent, critical, and creative citizenry through the application of classical rhetorical principles to contemporary democratic forms of education in both the arts and sciences.     

自我的本真性和文化的本真性

查尔斯·泰勒坚持善对权利的优先原则 ,从而发展出一条与新自由主义不同的自我实现的自由道路。因此 ,泰勒更重视的是人们关于美好生活的理解和对价值的追求 ,即自我的本真性问题。本真性包含人的内在深度和日常生活中的对话两个维度 ,脱离任何一个方面都会造成对泰勒本真性概念的误解 ,同时 ,泰勒还将本真性的概念延伸到文化上 ,并从中提出了“承认的政治”的概念 ,成为了与政治自由主义相对的一个解决多元文化共存问题的模式。     

The Bedlam Academy

This article explores the polemical presentation of Oxford, the royalist capital between 1642 and 1646, in parliamentarian newsbooks. It argues that the novel seriality of the form offered opportunities for constructing political identities and identifying enemies through strategies of repetition and echoing within and across parliamentarian news media. Discussion of Oxford in these news titles suggests ways in which seriality helped establish and elaborate anti-royalist discourses by repeated reference to the corrupted centre of royalist politics. Sustained attention given to Oxford in weekly newsbooks built up a cumulative and complex picture of the city, and by extension royalism more broadly, as variously mired in Catholicism, subject to the damaging influence of female and foreign rule, riven by deviant sexualities, and possessed of a form of collective madness. The composite image of Oxford built up across parliamentarian news media helped construct a journalistic shorthand in which ‘Oxford’ came to denote a wealth of polemicised meanings readily accessible to comparatively humble readers. The article thus argues for a better recognition of the ways in which civil war news authors adopted the opportunities of serial publication for the elaboration of novel political stereotypes.     

《远大前程》中的意象和象征解析

查尔斯·狄更斯,是十九世纪英国最伟大的批判现实主义作家之一。其作品对各种社会弊端进行了深刻的批判,尤其他的后期作品,随着他对资本主义社会的洞察逐渐加深,批判力度更是力透纸背。《远大前程》,作为狄更斯后期的一部很有影响力的作品,对社会更是从多个方面、运用多种艺术手法进行了无情的揭露和批判,并对普通劳动人民身上所具有的美德进行了大力的赞扬和称颂。在他的这部晚期作品中,有意识地运用了很多隐喻性的象征,除了弥漫始终的大雾之外,还有很明显的关于“监狱”的意象等比较压抑、沉闷、和社会的黑暗面相对照的意象和象征,与此相照应的是一组象征光明的一组意象,本文主要从小说中出现的相对应的这两组意象来分析他们的运用对深化主题,预示人物的命运,推动情节的发展等所起到的作用,从而达到对作品有一个更加深刻和全面的理解。     

解析大卫·科波菲尔的双重性格

人物是小说中的一要素。对人物的理解有助于对作品的理解。本文从狄更斯的作品《大卫·科波菲尔》中流露出的细节出发,对大卫的性格进行全面的分析,发现大卫是具有双重性格的人。     

What pluralism, why pluralism, and how? A response to Charles Ess

In this critical response to Charles Ess’ ‚Ethical Pluralism and Global Information Ethics’ presented in this Special Issue of Ethics and Information Technology, it is firstly argued that his account of pros hen pluralism can be more accurately reformulated as a three layered doctrine by separating one acceptance of diversity at a cultural level and another at an ethical theoretic level. Following this clarificatory section, the next section considers Ess’ political and sociological reasons for the necessity and desirability of pros hen pluralism, criticising the former reasons as social scientifically problematic, while elaborating on the latter as more persuasive. In the last section, I discuss how pros hen pluralism may be realised, making three arguments in particular. First, Ess’ requirement for sensitivity to cultural diversity is to be interpreted as differentiated and extended sensitivity. Second, his discussion of shared responses to central ethical problems is ambiguous and needs further elaboration and clarification. Third, his focus on dialogue and Socratic education is persuasive, although excessive optimism is not reasonable.     

狄更斯《双城记》的伦理价值观新探

在摆脱了过去长期形成的“文学政治化”的倾向之后，重新研读《双城记》这部作品，该文对其中所蕴涵的伦理价值观重新进行了解读和定位。