晚清参与1899年海牙保和会始末

1899年清政府派团参加在荷兰海牙举行的第一次保和会,会后决定批准海牙公约中的三约。但由于1900年的庚子之乱,清政府未完成批准条约的工作,直至1904年才加入国际红十字会并批准第一次保和会三约。海牙保和会之参与,是中国外交现代化的滥觞,并推动了中国红十字人道主义事业的发展。     

“极端假设法”在化学解题中的应用

在化学教学中经常会碰到一些题目由于条件不足,很难按照常规方法解决,学生面对此类题目往往也无从下手。而极端假设法反其本意,正题反解,将明明不可能的或有可能但不明朗的问题假设为极端的问题,使思路变得明朗、清晰,从而速得结果,大大提高了解题的速度,也利于培养学生思维的灵活性和分析问题的能力。     

中国红十字会救援1923年日本大地震述论

1923年,日本关东发生大地震,损害极其严重。中国红十字会出于人道主义和国际主义精神考虑,不计日本强占青岛等前嫌,发起成立中国协济日灾义赈会,派医疗队前往日本救护;千方百计地将在日华人分批运送回国,并及时给予安顿和治疗;接待日本访华道谢团代表,积极推动中日民间外交,以期改善中日关系。     

论中国红十字会的起源

上海万国红十字会“历来被认为是中国红十字会之始”，但实际上，它直接脱胎于东三省红十字普济善会。庚子事变时期出现的救济善会、济急善局是带有红十字色彩的救护组织，它们是一种分工合作的关系。通过考察可以发现：济急善局、东三省红十字普济善会、上海万国红十字会在组织结构上具有传承性，而救济善会不具此特点，因此，中国红十字会的起源可由东三省红十字普济善会再前推到济急善局。追溯中国红十字会的起源．可以印证一种“嫁接”理论：红十字会虽系“舶来品”，但中国红十字会却是中国本土的慈善组织“嫁接”红十字会逐渐成长的结果。     

基于短时平均幅度的语音端点检测的改进

介绍了计算机语音处理中端点检测的方法,分析了短时平均幅度的语音端点检测的不足之处,并提出改进方法,最后给出实验结果。     

跨国并购快速发展的深层原因

20世纪 80年代开始 ,以跨国并购为主要特征的第五次并购浪潮开始兴起 ,跨国并购无论从交易数量还是交易金额都有大幅度的增长。跨国并购作为一种重要的国际经济现象日益受到关注 ,对跨国并购快速发展的原因值得深入探讨。经过分析可以看到跨国交购之所以在最近得到飞快发展 ,原因是多方面的。     

Maximal isometric force and muscle cross‐sectional area of the forearm in fencers

The maximal isometric force (MIF) of a muscle is directly related to its cross‐sectional area (CSA). Strength training produces an increase in muscular force while muscular hypertrophy becomes appreciable at a later time; in asymmetric sports, training causes significant increases in force and muscular mass of the dominant limb of the athlete. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in muscular force and trophism between the dominant and non‐dominant forearms in fencers and in controls.

The data of 17 male distance runners (age 21.4±2.4 years, body mass 74.0±5.0 kg, height 180 ± 6 cm) were compared with those of 58 male fencers (age 23.0 ± 6.7 years, body mass 71.9±9.3 kg, height 178 ± 7 cm) drawn from the ranking lists of the National Fencing Committee. They trained for a mean of 11.4±6.0 (range 2–36) years, commencing at 10.7 ± 4.5 years of age.

Cross‐sectional area (muscle plus bone) was estimated in the dominant and non‐dominant forearm using a simplified anthropometric method. Maximal isometric force was determined using a mechanical handgrip dynamometer. The differences in CSA and isometric force between the two limbs and between fencers and controls were tested using paired and unpaired Student's i‐tests, respectively. Significant differences in CSA and maximal force were observed between the dominant and non‐dominant forearm in fencers (both P<0.001) and in controls (P<0.005 and P<0.001, respectively). The fencers showed a greater CSA (P<0.001) and force (P< 0.001) in the dominant forearm compared with the control group. Furthermore, the differences between the dominant and non‐dominant limb of the fencers were significantly greater than the differences between the dominant and non‐dominant limb of the controls (P<0.001 for CSA and P<0.05 for force). No significant differences in stress ratio (force/CSA) were obtained in either group.

The results of this study suggest that asymmetric sports training at submaximal intensities produces significant asymmetries in force and CSA which are independent of technical level and years of training. Despite this, the force/CSA ratio is constant and independent of training.     

The importance of morphological awareness in Korean–English biliteracy acquisition

This study examined the importance of morphological awareness in Korean–English biliteracy acquisition. English is an opaque orthographic system, in which letters and sounds have indirect correspondences. Korean Hangul, on the other hand, is a transparent orthographic system where there are direct letter-sound correspondences. Sixty-five children from Grades 2 to 4 were tested on a set of comparable Korean and English tasks tapping into oral vocabulary, phonemic awareness, morphological awareness, real word reading, and passage reading comprehension. Results showed that morphological awareness explained a significant amount of variance in word reading and reading comprehension within both Korean Hangul and English, suggesting that morphological awareness is important not only in an opaque orthography but also in a transparent orthography. Furthermore, morphological awareness in one language uniquely predicted a significant amount of variance in reading real words in the other language, suggesting that morphological awareness facilitates word reading across different orthographies.     

RTK技术在公路横断面测量中的应用

本文介绍了RTK技术的工作原理以及特点,重点阐述了传统横断面测量方法中存在的问题及解决方法.通过与水准测量方法对比发现,RTK技术在高程测量方面的精度可以满足一般公路横断面测量的要求.同时详细论述了应用RTK技术进行横断面测量的一般步骤.     

中国红十字会“护国战争”救护述论

梳理有关资料，再现中国红十字会“护国战争”救护情形。救护中，中国红十字会总会总办事处筹款募捐“至十余万元”之多，保证了战区分会和临时机关救伤恤难的需要。在总会和社会各界的鼎力支持下，战区分会和临时救护机关尽心尽职，“疗伤瘗亡，厥功尤著”，救援行动取得了较为圆满的成功。