夏至战国时期的黔中文化

由夏至战国,今黔中一带,从父系氏族公社进入了奴隶社会时期。在这个历史阶段,黔中古人类由新石器的使用逐渐过渡到青铜时代,社会生产力有了显著提高,手工技能出现了明显的进步。这时,人们的精神文化生活也渐渐丰富起来。进入奴隶社会后,管理制度发生了巨大变化,教育已经成为传承社会文明的重要手段。     

金庸关于"侠"的人格建构

“侠”的形象塑造与人格建构是武侠小说创作的关键。金庸依据传统文化思想和现代文化观念,重新塑造了“侠”的人格形象,为“侠”的人格精神注入了崭新的文化内涵,满足了现代读者的精神渴望和心理需求。     

新批评中蕴含的思想“旧”源——论夏志清《中国现代小说史》

由于夏志清先生的海外华人身份,学界在研究他对待现代中国文学采取的独特视点和批评理念之时,更多的是关注其西方意识的渗透和西方理论视角,而忽略了中国传统文化在其生命历程和思想脉络中的潜在投影,这些恰恰是其文学理论建构中不可缺少的部分。故而在解读其著作过程中,要使用一分为二的观点,不能顾此失彼,只有这样才能对此进行公正的评判,也能更好地汲取到夏式独特的批评价值观。     

Urinary creatine and methylamine excretion following 4 × 5 g · day−1 or 20 × 1 g · day−1 of creatine monohydrate for 5 days

Abstract

In this study, we examined the effect of two creatine monohydrate supplementation regimes on 24-h urinary creatine and methylamine excretion. Nine male participants completed two trials, separated by 6 weeks. Participants ingested 4 × 5 g · day^?1 creatine monohydrate for 5 days in one trial and 20 × 1 g · day^?1 for 5 days in the other. We collected 24-h urine samples on 2 baseline days (days 1–2), during 5 days of supplementation (days 3–7), and for 2 days post-supplementation (days 8–9). Urine was assayed for creatine using high-performance liquid chromatography and methylamine using gas chromatography. Less creatine was excreted following the 20 × 1 g · day^?1 regime (49.25 ± 10.53 g) than the 4 × 5 g · day^?1 regime (62.32 ± 9.36 g) (mean ± s; P < 0.05). Mean total excretion of methylamine (n = 6) over days 3–7 was 8.61 ± 7.58 mg and 24.81 ± 25.76 mg on the 20 × 1 g · day^?1 and 4 × 5 g · day^?1 regimes, respectively (P < 0.05). The lower excretion of creatine using 20 × 1 g · day^?1 doses suggests a greater retention in the body and most probably in the muscle. Lower and more frequent doses of creatine monohydrate appear to further attenuate formation of methylamine.