山东省科技创新政策实施效果诊断分析及改善对策研究

选取政府、基层、企业关注度高,社会影响面大的、有一定落实基础的科技创新政策,采取总体分析与个案调查、问卷调查和统计分析及深度走访相结合的方法,对山东省科技创新政策的知晓度、便捷性、兑现率和效益等方面进行诊断分析,以期有助于我省科技创新政策修订与完善。     

Efficacy of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-10 Analysis in the Follow-up of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation during acute phase reactions. The current study was designed to investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) along with the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) during progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in diabetic patients, and correlate the levels of cytokines with the progression of NAFLD. Fifty-two diabetic patients compared to 18 healthy controls were participated in this study. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups: simple steatosis, NASH and fibrosis. Serum liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, bilirubin, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-10 and lipid profile were measured. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to control subjects with a significant positive correlation with body mass index and fasting blood glucose (FBG) but with negative correlation with IL-10. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower in NAFLD patients compared with controls. A positive correlation between IL-10 and HDL-C with concomitant negative correlation between IL-10 and FBG and triacylglycerides was found. Cytokine analyses showed that there was a prominent imbalance between TNF-α and IL-10 in patients with NAFLD, and this imbalance increase by increasing the progression of NAFLD especially in obese diabetic patients. TNF-α and IL-10 could be used in diagnosis and follow-up of NAFLD stages in a way to avoid liver biopsies in greater proportion of patients.     

外伤性迟发性结肠破裂21例分析

目的:探讨外伤性迟发性结肠破裂的临床特征、诊断和治疗方法,提高早期确诊率和治疗疗效。方法:对21例结肠损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:全组患者均行二期手术治愈。6例患者术后切口感染,4例肠粘连。无造瘘术后肠梗阻、造瘘口狭窄及切口疝等并发症。结论:二期手术适用于严重的休克,全身状态不佳,腹内多脏器损伤和严重的感染。治疗外伤性迟发性结肠破裂重要的是准确判断结肠损伤程度和范围,了解合并损伤的脏器,术中仔细探查,彻底进行肠道和腹腔冲洗,并严格清创和消毒。     

认知视角下罕见疾病诊断的改进

以认知心理学相关理论为基础,分析了罕见疾病的认知特征,建立了罕见疾病的诊断策略,提出了提高罕见疾病诊断能力的方法。     

属性层级模型的简介与述评

属性层级模型是一种基于统计模式识别和分类的认知诊断模型。根据已确定的属性之间的层级关系,属性层级模型可以将被试在试题上的反应模式即观察反应模式划归为期望反应模式,以此得到被试的知识状态,进而能够对被试进行有效的、有针对性的补救。作为规则空间模型的重要变种,属性层级模型同样克服了标准测验理论单维性和只重视作答结果而忽视作答过程的考察分析的不足,且逻辑性更强,促进了教育和心理测量学的发展和分析。     

医学影像处理存在的问题和展望

随着高性能计算技术与高精度探测技术的不断发展,医学影像辅助诊疗已经被医疗界广泛接受和采用,同时对医学影像的处理提出了更高的要求和挑战。简要介绍了医学影像处理技术的已有技术,并重点论述了该领域存在的主要问题,指出今后医学影像发展方向和趋势。     

催化重整故障诊断专家系统

针对炼油厂催化重整装置可能出现的常见故障,研制开发了一个用于催化重整故障诊断的实时专家系统．该系统由动态数据库、知识库、推理机、知识编辑器、解释器和人机接口等部分构成,知识库由带有可信度的产生式规则组成,推理机采用正向推理方法。     

原发性胆囊癌28例诊治体会

目的提高原发性胆囊癌的治疗效果.方法对我院近10年来28例胆囊癌进行分析.结果外科手术是治疗胆囊癌的有效措施.结论早期诊断是提高治疗效果的关键.     

Study of clinical features of amyloid angiopathy hemorrhage and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: The purpose of this study was to differentiate between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertension (HTN) based on hemorrhage pattern interpretation. Methods: From June 1994 to Oct., 2000, 83 patients admitted to our service with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were investigated retrospectively; 41 patients with his-tologically proven diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiography and 42 patients with clear history of hypertension were investigated. Results: Patients with a CAA-related ICH were significantly older than patients with a HTN-related ICH (74.0 years vs 66.5 years, P<0.05). There was a significantly higher number of hematomas>30 ml in CAA (85.3%) when compared with HTN (59.5%). No basal ganglional hemorrhage was seen in CAA, but in 40.5% in HTN. In CAA-related ICH, su-barachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was seen in 26 patients (63.4%) compared to only 11 patients (26.2%) in HTN-related ICH. Intraventricular hemorrhage was seen in 24.4% in CAA, and in 26.2% in HTN. Typical features o