从与标准测验理论之差异谈认知诊断的特征

认知诊断作为新一代测验理论的代表,与标准测验理论在理论和应用上有着多方面的差异。本文基于认知诊断与标准测验理论的比较,阐述了认知诊断五方面的特征：（1）区别于标准测验理论中较为笼统和抽象的能力概念,以细分和具体化为特点的认知诊断属性界定;（2）区别于标准测验理论连续潜变量的认知诊断分类潜变量;（3）加入诊断指导下的补救和再评估后,认知诊断包含了周而复始的评估过程;（4）包含补救措施是否有效的认知诊断效度测量;（5）认知诊断的应用领域。文章最后指出了认知诊断目前在其发展中所存在的问题,并对该测量理论的发展进行了展望。     

Parkinson’s disease diagnosis using neural networks: Survey and comprehensive evaluation

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of that predominantly affects the elderly in today’s world. For the diagnosis of the early stages of PD, effective and powerful automated techniques are needed by recent enabling technologies as a tool. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of papers from 2013 to 2021 on the diagnosis of PD and its subtypes using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and deep neural networks (DNNs). We present detailed information and analysis regarding the usage of various modalities, datasets, architectures and experimental configurations in a succinct manner. We also present an in-depth comparative analysis of various proposed architectures. Finally, we present a number of relevant future directions for researchers in this area.     

浅谈U盘常见故障诊断及其数据恢复

U盘是一种以其体积小、便于携带等优点被广大用户普遍选用的移动存储介质,但由于其使用频率高,易于出现故障造成数据的丢失或损坏,给使用者带来了很大的不便,针对U盘使用过程中常出现的一些故障进行诊断,并尝试着进行数据恢复。     

肩胛胸壁关节损伤的诊断和治疗

目的：了解肩胛胸壁关节损伤的诊断和治疗。方法：49例患者均采用曲安奈德加0.2％利多卡因2-4ml作局部封闭治疗。结果：肩胛胸壁关节损伤在运动队中较为常见，且由于特殊的解剖关系，使用其它方法治疗效果欠佳，经封闭治疗后效果良好。结论：这种损伤诊断准确后，即采用封闭治疗，疗效优于其它治疗方法．     

自动变速器油泵故障诊断与检修

汽车自动变速器维修技术是一项现代维修技术,其具有先进性,可操作性,根据油泵故障现象,确定油泵故障分析思路,处理方法,检测内容,检测工具,是自动变速器油泵维修处理的技术内容和关键技术。     

Role of Oncofetal Protein CR-1 as a Potential Tumor Marker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cripto-1 (CR-1) is an oncofetal protein with its role as a key factor in early process of carcinoma has been evaluated in cases of various cancers. However, very few studies have reported its role in oral cancer, which is the sixth most common cancer around the world, particularly with high prevalence in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most predominant (90%) of all the histological types of oral cancer. Late detection, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, is mainly attributed to non-availability of a suitable biomarker for the disease. In the present pilot study, we have evaluated the role of soluble CR-1, in serum as a potential tumor marker for OSCC. CR-1 was estimated using sandwich ELISA in serum samples of 50 biopsy proven OSCC patients (pre and post treatment) along with age and gender matched healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry was also done in corresponding tumor tissue sections to check the expression of CR-1. Pre-treatment CR-1 was found to be 2.25-fold higher in serum of OSCC patients as compared to control (p < 0.0001***), which was reduced to 1.6 folds post treatment (p = 0.0006***). CR-1 levels were comparatively higher in early stage of disease. Upon IHC 80% of the cases were found to be positive for CR-1. This study provides evidence that serum levels of CR-1 are elevated in patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, which decrease post treatment. Also, the association of expression of protein with tumor progression predicts CR-1 as a molecule that can be further evaluated as a potential tumor maker in OSCC.     

SCADA data based condition monitoring of wind turbines

Wind turbines（WTs） are quite expensive pieces of equipment in power industry. Maintenance and repair is a critical activity which also consumes lots of time and effort, hence making it a costly affair. Carefully planning the maintenance based upon condition of the equipment would make the process reasonable. Mostly the WTs are equipped with some kind of condition monitoring device/system, which provides the information about the device to the central data base i.e., supervisory control and data acquisition（SCADA） data base. These devices/systems make use of data processing techniques/methods in order to detect and predict faults. The information provided by condition monitoring equipments keeps on recoding in the SCADA data base. This paper dwells upon the techniques/methods/algorithms developed, to carry out diagnosis and prognosis of the faults, based upon SCADA data.Subsequently data driven approaching for SCADA data interpretation has been reviewed and an artificial intelligence（AI） based framework for fault diagnosis and prognosis of WTs using SCADA data is proposed.     

神经网络在光传系统故障诊断中的应用研究

光传系统是针对传统电传操纵系统的不足提出的一种新型的飞控系统;飞控系统的高可靠性是飞行安全的重要保证,当飞机出现故障或者遇到意外损伤时,飞控系统能够快速地对故障进行诊断和隔离,对于保证飞机飞行任务的继续执行或者安全返航具有重要意义。文章针对三余度光传系统的常见故障,提出了一种基于概率神经网络（PNN）的故障诊断方法;并且建立了三余度光传系统仿真模型和常见故障的产生模块,应用概率神经网络进行系统的故障诊断;最后通过仿真诊断实例,证明了方法的有效性。     

用LONGFORD方法对主观评分中的异常分数进行分数调整

分数不确切代表被试的真实语言能力的问题是语言测量学界一个最本质、最棘手的问题——效度问题。以往我们采取的一些诸如增加评分员数量、重评等办法虽然在一定程度上改善了效度,但是却都无法从真正意义上得到一个与真分数尽可能近似的客观的分数。Longford针对主观评分中的信度问题提出了四种分数调整模型来解决这一问题。本文运用严厉度调整模型对HSK高等作文评分中的异常评分者所评的分数进行了调整,调整后分数得到很大改善。因此在以后的考试当中基本上可以用这种数学的调整方法代替以往组织评分员重评的方法。     

女性阅读情况的调查分析

通过对哈尔滨市图书馆387位女性读者进行问卷调查,有效了解近年来我馆女性读者到馆比例、女性读者的基本构成情况、阅读习惯及阅读倾向。据此,掌握我馆读者群体中女性读者的相关情况,为我馆有效开展用户研究,有针对性地搞好用户教育、阅读指导和读者服务工作提供了依据。