英国水上救生员培养体制探究与启示

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,从英国水上救生员的培训机构、培养类别、游泳池救生员目标与 培养内容等方面分析其培养体制,说明了英国救生员培养的完善体制,具有培养内容丰富性、培养机构独立性等特 征,体现了其救生员专业化趋势。     

The politics of PISA: The media,policy and public responses in Norway and England

Using the PISA 2015 releases in Norway and England, this article explores how PISA has been presented in the media and how the policy level has responded to the results. England will be used as an example for comparison. The article presents early media responses from the 20 most circulated daily newspapers in the two countries and discusses them in relation both to the national PISA reports in Norway and England, as well as the international report of the OECD. The media responses are further interpreted in light of previous research in both countries, with a particular focus upon Norway, where previous Ministers of Education have been interviewed about assessment policy and education reforms.     

Practices of boundary-work in the collaboration between principals and private sponsors in England’s academy schools

This article presents one of the few qualitative studies to empirically examine the collaboration between private sponsors and principals in the context of England’s academy schools policy. It uses the concept of boundary-work to illuminate the multiple dynamics involved in the collaboration between principals and business sponsors. By analysing qualitative interviews with principals and sponsors from a local authority case study the article reveals the working relationship between these actors to be characterised by three boundary-work practices: drawing, negotiating and contesting boundaries. These practices are described before exploring their implications for existing understandings of England’s academies policy. This analysis directly answers calls in the literature for in-depth case study research which explores the collaboration between academy sponsors and principals, and the article’s interpretivist approach to boundary-work is shown to be a valuable theoretical approach which has received little attention in studies investigating the role of private actors in education. The article concludes by advocating for more studies of education policy to use boundary-work as a lens through which to understand the role being played by new actors in education, and argues that this perspective would be particularly valuable for examining the context of England’s increasingly diversifying schooling landscape.     

析英国体育休闲新动向：发展·变革·启示

自20世纪60年代以来,英国体育休闲业开始出现一些新动向,从贵族化向大众化发展,体育休闲业的总体规模和所占经济比重日益膨胀,这促使英国政府转变管理理念,改变管理体制,修订相关法律法规以顺应体育事业的大发展。这些新动向对我们有着重要借鉴意义。     

12—15世纪英格兰从劳役地租向货币地租转变的动因分析

12—15世纪是英国农业发展的重要历史时期。在这一阶段农业生产关系的重要变革之一就是作为生产者的农民逐渐摆脱了人身束缚获得自身劳动力的支配权,从而奠定了以后逐步走向富裕的基础。这个过程的具体表现就是货币地租在农业生产关系中的确立。英格兰地区丰富的庄园记录及当时王室法令、货币政策等史料,揭示出领主与农奴在这一历史演变中围绕土地收益和人身解放所进行的斗争过程及其对英国社会产生的影响。     

中世纪英国犹太人与剪钱指控

剪钱指控是中世纪英国犹太人面临的一项重要指控。与诽谤性质的血祭谋杀指控和宿主亵渎指控不同,剪钱指控基于一定的事实依据,但在反犹主义高涨的情况下又不乏夸大之处。它对中世纪英国犹太社团产生了极大影响,不仅直接造成了犹太社团在财力和人力上的损失,而且丑化了犹太人在基督徒眼中的形象,恶化了犹太人与基督徒之间的关系,甚至影响了英国王室的犹太政策。     

英语演变与英史发展的“同构”关系

研究英语语言的演变与英国历史的发展,它们之间存在某种“自相似性”,用数学术语来表达是“同构”关系。英语语言的变化是与社会环境、自然环境、人文环境互动的多维进化动态过程,在英国从被入侵者变为人侵者的角色转换中,英语语言出现了词汇多样化、语法简单化、拼写与读音偏离化等特征。人们不能预见英国的未来,也很难断言英语的明天,但是借助同构理论,研究者可以更好地理解英语语言的演变趋势。     

Christian Concepts in A Tale of Two Cities

正Charles Dickens is an author who frequently drew upon his personal experiences to write.We can see obviously his personal influences in many of his works.The finest English novelist of the 19th century,his enduring characters is part of the culture.An enormously successful author and performer of his own work,he is the conscience of Victorian England.A Christian as he is,he often introduces Christian concepts in his writing.In analyzing how Christian concepts are elaborated in A tale of Two Cities,we have to start from the social atmosphere of the Victorian England and the religion background of the author,and then have a basic understanding of     

过渡时期的磨难:异端与宽容--英国宗教改革前的信仰宽容问题

宗教改革之前,教会在英国的权势始终没有达到象西欧大陆那样君临一切的主宰地步.教会对思想的压制,也从未达到象西欧大陆那样骇人听闻的地步.这一时期英国少有异端,教会及社会对异端的态度一般都不极端.在不同程度上,社会对信仰宽容的默许和容忍,是宗教改革前英国宗教和社会的基本状况,也构成了英国宗教改革的特殊背景.     

Beyond advocacy: Developing an evidence base for regional creative industry strategies

This paper examines several aspects of the developing evidence base for regional creative industry policy making in England and argues that the focus of the current research base is disproportionately determined by the demand for evidence for advocacy purposes. It offers an evaluation that challenges the basis on which some of the central sector advocacy claims have been made and argues that unless the evidence base is allowed to develop beyond advocacy, then the claims for evidence-based policy will be seriously compromised.