英国休闲体育政策的演进特点与启示

以文献资料法等研究方法对英国休闲体育政策进行了探讨。研究发现英国的休闲体育政策的演进特点主要表现在以下几个方面:从少数阶层享有向大众参与转化的政策导向;以宏观间接调节为主要管理模式;注重发挥社会组织的作用;并提出了英国休闲体育政策对我国休闲体育发展的启示:建立政府主导下的有限市场化机制;努力实现体育公共服务均等化;充分发挥社会体育组织的作用。     

EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A SINO-ENGLISH COMPARATIVE STUDY IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

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The professional learning needs and priorities of higher-education-based teacher educators in England,Ireland and Scotland

Against a rapidly changing policy landscape for teacher education, exacerbated by ‘Brexit’ in the UK, findings are presented from an electronic survey of 272 higher-education based teacher educators in England, the Republic of Ireland and Scotland about their experiences of, and priorities for, professional learning. While the data generated were mainly quantitative data, qualitative features were embedded within the survey design. Both types of data have been used to draw out complexities that emerge when exploring a professional group of educators responsible for the preparation of a future generation of teachers. The findings are presented and discussed in relation to the professional demographics of the sample, research expectations placed on them and teacher educators’ priorities for professional learning. Given the unique occupational position of teacher educators, their importance in the quality of teacher education and the lack of formal focus on their professional development, our starting point for teacher educators’ professional development lies in their practice situated and positioned within global, regional, national and local policy contexts.     

中世纪英国民众文化状况研究

中世纪英国的民众文化水平呈现两极化态势.中世纪早期,教士和少数社会上层人士垄断了读写技能;到中后期,这两种技能开始向商人等中等阶层扩展.与之相对,广大下层民众则长期处于文盲状态.教育、语言和技术因素是导致这一现象的主要因素.     

关爱与互助:近代早期英国家庭亲子关系新探

对于近代早期的英国家庭关系历来备受学者关注，家庭关系淡漠说一直为众多史家所接受，近年来这一传统观点越来越受到质疑。事实上，近代早期的家庭关系并不像一些学者所称的那般冷漠。父母不仅关心疼爱孩子，而且会在其人生道路上给与其必要的帮助和安慰。子女也会对父母报之以情，在父母年迈或生病的困难时期伸出援手。本文就从家庭亲子关系入手，着重阐释父母与子女之间的这种互助关系。     

Professional development for professional learners: teachers’ experiences in Norway,Germany and England

Proposals made by the European Commission in 2007 led to the Education Council adopting, for the first time, a European agenda for improving the quality of teaching and teacher education. This article reports on a small-scale longitudinal interview-based study with teachers in England, Norway and Germany demonstrating that while opportunities for professional development are increasing in all three countries, dissatisfaction is expressed by most teachers in relation to its quality and outcomes.     

Managing collaboration across further and higher education: a case in practice

The Dearing Report highlighted the need for HE programmes to enhance students' basic skills, and one of these is numeracy skill. There is a history of low confidence and negative attitudes to learning about numbers and 'maths anxiety' in undergraduates which means that delivering 'numerate graduates' may be something of a challenge to HE institutions. This college surveyed attitudes to numeracy and learning about numbers in all first-year students (over 1000 students). Over 40% of students returned their questionnaires. This survey found considerable negative attitudes and low confidence among respondents as a whole (25% of those who returned the questionnaire), and anxiety was highest (over 40%) in students taking a Humanities programme. This raises considerable concern about how we can deliver numeracy to students in HE. The findings of the survey, gender issues and the individualised concept of 'maths anxiety' are discussed in relation to the social and cultural construction of attitudes to maths and maths confidence as empowerment (Benn, 1997). The main conclusion is that HE institutions need to consider carefully how to provide good educational opportunities for individuals with low motivation to engage in maths-related activity. There is also an urgent need to challenge cultural myths and stereotyping relating to maths learning if we want the next generation of graduates to have more confidence in their maths skills.     

英军焚毁圆明园事件与“国际法”

1860年10月,英国首席代表额尔金以清政府虐待英法"侨民"致死"违犯国际公法"为借口,悍然下令侵华英军劫掠并焚毁了圆明园等中国皇家园林。查证史实,可知当时并未形成世界意义上的"国际法",美国人惠顿的法学著作《万国公法》尚未传入中国,清政府也未签署任何有关战争的国际法文件。若就事论理,指出清廷违反人道主义是必要的,但责难清政府违反国际法却是没有道理的。反过来看,拥有国际法观念的英法军队对身受重伤的中方非战斗人员清宫太监,不但未进行必要的医疗救治,反而加戴镣铐,实施虐待,这种行径与他们标榜的国际法是相违背的。英法军队焚毁圆明园,劫掠文物,是违反他们自己的"国际法"的,是毁灭人类文明的野蛮犯罪。     

Poetry is an Unfamiliar Text: Locating Poetry in Secondary English Classrooms in New Zealand and England during a Period of Curriculum Change

Undertaken during a period when changes in the assessment of English in public examinations at 16+ were becoming embedded in classroom practice, this comparative research explores where poetry is located within the newly aligned examination assessment frameworks of New Zealand and England. It comments on how these frameworks are locally interpreted by a sample group of English teachers in two culturally diverse cities. It identifies the challenges for assessment of poetry writing and retention of poetry study at examination level that are instantiated within these contexts. In investigating poetry’s location, key issues are highlighted about teachers’ perceptions of poetry, confidence and the support needed for examination level teaching of a genre that is in danger of becoming increasingly unfamiliar to many students.     

Responding to students' needs in special schools in Ireland and England: findings from two schools

As more students with special educational needs attend mainstream schools, it is critical that the role and operation of special schools be examined. This article reports on two case studies, one special school in England and one in Ireland, which formed part of a national review of the role of special schools and special classes in Ireland. Two students, in each case study school, were shadowed and observed during two‐day visits by the research team. These students, and everyone belonging to them, were interviewed and relevant documents were analysed. Findings are discussed in terms of responding to students' needs through: organization of teaching and learning, curriculum, leadership, specialist staff, collaboration and links outside the special school. The implications are considered with reference to research, policy and practice and the authors conclude that the evidence provides support for maintaining the special school as an integral part of the continuum of educational provision for students with special educational needs.