Regulatory policy as innovation: Constructing rules of engagement for a technological zone of tissue engineering in the European Union

This paper addresses the question of the part that regulation plays in processes of innovation in sectors of technology. The politico-economic phenomenon of ‘Europe’ is partly constituted by regulatory regime-building, and new technologies are one of the major sites of regime-building. A constructionist social theory perspective shows that study of the conflictual processes of regulatory policymaking affords insights into the formation of the rules of engagement that constitute technology domains. Adopting the concept of emergent ‘technological zone’ in preference to industrial ‘sector’ or technoscientific network, the paper presents, using empirical research, a detailed account of the case of the debate and development of regulatory policy for therapeutic tissue engineering in the European Union's policy institutions and stakeholder networks. It describes how the jurisdiction of an emergent zone has been formed through such negotiations, providing a counter-example to the common view that regulation ‘lags behind’ innovation. The analysis takes account particularly of the part played by the malleability of the definition of the material technology itself in such constructive governance processes, and it also suggests various consequences for the array of producers of the technology, for market structuring and for the innovation pathways taken by tissue engineering technology. Concluding, the paper argues that there is conceptual advance to be made by bringing together constructionist social theory with innovation studies approaches that highlight the part played by non-firm, public institutions in shaping innovation ecologies.     

欧洲大陆国家保守主义就业政策分析

面对持续的高失业、凯恩斯主义就业政策失灵和全球化的迅速发展等共同挑战,法国、西班牙等欧洲大陆国家,并没有像英美国家那样选择新自由主义的就业政策,也没有像瑞典等北欧国家那样选择合作主义的就业政策,而是选择了一种以维持传统欧洲社会模式、缩减劳动供给和劳动力市场边缘灵活化改革为基本特征的保守主义就业政策。这种保守主义就业政策的选择,从根源上来讲,是与欧洲大陆国家社会团结主义的历史文化传统、保守主义的福利国家制度、以国家为主导的社会治理结构和其政治可行性相适应的。在现实中,这种保守主义就业政策的实施在保持欧洲大陆国家社会凝聚力与和谐的同时,也面临着平衡劳动力市场灵活性与安全性的严峻挑战。     

欧洲统一从客观到主观的历史演进及其启示

从历史角度看,欧洲存在着一种统一的大趋势。这一历史趋势表现为从客观统一体到主观统一体的发展进程。当代的欧洲的一体化是以历史上形成的客观统一体为基础的。“欧洲统一”观念从理想到实践的过程也是这一观念从思想家到政治家延伸的过程。二战后欧洲一体化的发生与发展正是这种统一的历史趋势的现实证明。     

欧洲中世纪大学的兴起及其借鉴

欧洲中世纪大学是中世纪教育发展史最为重要的结果,现代大学起源于中世纪大学,它的许多传统都对近现代大学的形成和发展有着深远的影响。本文对欧洲中世纪大学的产生及其产生的重要意义进行了简要介绍和分析,以史为鉴,以指导我们现代大学的发展与完善。     

欧债危机后欧盟“次级均衡”与法国介入利比亚的动因

分析了“次级均衡”机制形成的背景和基本内涵,指出“次级均衡”既是维持欧盟内部稳定的重要支柱,也是导致欧盟决策效率低下并面临“内忧外患”的重要根源。认为欧债危机后法国积极介入利比亚战争本质上是法国在欧盟内部维持“次级均衡”机制所作出的必然选择。     

Trans-nationalization of educational policy making: from European innovation projects in adult education to an emerging European space for lifelong learning: what model for the European vocational education and training policy?

This article is drawn from broader qualitative research on innovation in the field of professional adult training within the framework of European pilot projects such as the LEONARDO projects. This research aims at contributing to a general understanding of the phenomenon of innovation, in the context of European calls for projects, as an instrument of the European Vocational Education and Training (VET) Policy, which is supposed to transform the national training systems of EU member states according to the Lisbon Strategy. For this article, the author has chosen to present some of the results of the analysis of the European VET Policy and its transition to a lifelong learning policy. The first part of this article describes the conceptual framework and more especially three of the main concepts examined: public policy, social innovation and European space. The second part distinguishes three periods in the European VET policy’s history, identified through a genealogical examination from its first step within the European Coal and Steel Community to the present lifelong learning policy. The third part highlights the specificity of this supranational public policy model and the links between the European VET policy, the LEONARDO programme and the pilot projects. In conclusion, this article supports the idea of antagonistic logics in the evolution of this policy, on at least three levels: decision-making powers, conception of VET systems and conception of learning.     

关于欧洲一体化研究的几点思考

针对近年来对欧洲一体化研究的状况，章提出了三个值得思考的问题：（1）什么是“一体化”？（2）欧洲一体化就是欧盟一体化吗？（3）欧盟一体化仅包含其深化吗？，并对此作出了初步的回答。     

欧美医学图书馆资源建设的发展及其对我国的启示

本文通过追踪研究欧洲及美国大学医学图书馆科技文献的资源建设10年来的发展,以资对我国医学图书馆的建设有所借鉴,并结合我国大学医学图书馆的建设发展和应用实际,提出和探讨了对我国医学图书馆资源建设和发展的参考性建议。     

足球比赛进球规律探析

通过录像观察,研究近几届世界杯和欧洲杯决赛阶段的全部比赛场次进球的时段特点、进球方式和施射区域的特征,以及比赛节奏的变化对进球的影响,以期寻出足球比赛进球得分的特征和规律.     

第27届男篮亚锦赛中伊实力对比分析

采用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计等方法,对参加第27届男篮亚锦赛的中伊男篮攻防数据进行定量、定性分析。结果表明:在场均攻防数据对比中,除了三分球和失误两指标接近外,中国队在各项指标上都要明显低于伊朗队;球队风格方面:伊朗队高强度防守、快节奏攻防转换是整体实力高于中国队的制胜因素;在各位置球员效率方面:中国队在内线方面较伊朗队仍有优势,但其他两位置能力明显不足,使球队整体"木桶效应"突显。