The ‘Non‐dit’ in the Zenana: representations of Muslim women in Islamic canonical texts,the neo‐colonial imagination and a feminist response from Bangladesh

Abstract

This essay recognizes that representations of the ‘Muslim woman’ as the Othered ‘object’ of the ‘Western’ gaze and the domesticated ‘object’ which the Islamic apologists strive hard to defend, are both constructions and false antitheses of each other. It seeks not the ‘truth’ regarding the Muslim women in the world of social reality but to examine how various representations of the women are constructed and to what effects and consequences these representations are mobilized. The essay proceeds in three stages. The first stage shows how the patriarchy mobilizes the Qur’an and the Hadith in order to construct the woman as the negative, the inessential and the abnormal of the man so as to exert complete subordination over her. However, the very act of attempting to mute the woman in Islam is the most strident proof that she is engaged in resistance against patriarchal control and the degree of resistance must be judged by the degree of patriarchal control. The second stage demonstrates how patriarchy operates in colonial and neo‐imperial landscape: it legitimizes the appropriation of Muslim woman ‘possessed’ by the Other (as exemplified by the orientalist seduction fantasy in William Dalrymple’s The White Mughals), but, haunted by the fear of rape and anxieties regarding the sexuality of the White woman possessed by the Self, it attempts to maintain strict control over her (as in the cases of Miss Wheeler in the ‘Mutiny’ of 1857 and Private Jessica Lynch in the Iraq War). This struggle over the feminine body is perfectly in line with Islam’s hyper‐anxiousness to hide the female body and rigorously ensure monopolic possession over her. The third stage shows how Taslima Nasreen, a late‐20th century feminist from Bangladesh, speaks the unspoken and thereby attempts to subvert the normative representation of the muted women in her autobiographical novella, entitled āmār Meyebelā. In thus examining the representations of the Muslim women, this essay seeks an alternative ‘third space of enunciation’ and takes a distinct political stand located outside of the axis of the dichotomy of the ‘Western’ gaze and the construction of the Islamic theologians.     

Heroes of Their Own Life Stories: Narrating the Female Self in the Feminist Age

ABSTRACT

This article proposes a triple legacy of the expressive culture of the 1960s and 70s. Late twentieth century feminism, discourses of gender equality and the advent of modern confessional culture liberated women’s women’s voices, producing self-realising narratives and a shift in women’s facility to produce authentic ‘reflexive projects of the self’. Drawing on oral history interviews with women born in the 1940s in the United Kingdom, Australia and North America, a new concept for a distinct genre of women’s oral history narrative is advanced– the feminography – in which we hear women owning their voices and the stories those voices tell.     

伦敦奥运会中外女篮犯规特征的比较分析

犯规作为篮球比赛技术统计的指标之一,对比赛的走向起着不可小觑的作用,在比赛过程中往往通过对犯规的分析就能了解球队以及个人技战术能力的发挥。运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法等方法,对伦敦奥运会中国女篮同其对手的六场比赛录像进行观察、统计、分析。通过研究中外女篮的犯规特征,找出导致中国女篮犯规的影响因素,提出相应对策,为中国女篮的训练和比赛提供一些参考。     

挪威女足的发展及启示

挪威是当今世界女足强国,对挪威女足的发展现状分析认为：挪威采用的是“结合型”的管理体制;完善的法律体系、健全的社会福利制度和拥有数量众多的业余俱乐部则是挪威女足发展的社会基础,民众和媒体关注度不高、职业球员薪金低等问题是影响挪威职业女足发展的主要原因.挪威女足的发展为我国女足的发展提供了很好的借鉴和启示.     

Postpartum Mothers’ Leisure-Time Exercise Behavior is Linked to Positive Emotion During Partner Discussions

Purpose: Marital dissatisfaction and conflict often increase for couples after the birth of a child and are evident in fewer positive family interactions and more negative family interactions. Because exercise is known to increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions, the current study examined the extent to which higher levels of mothers’ exercise during the postpartum period were related to more positive and fewer negative emotion-expressive behaviors with their infants’ fathers. Method: Mothers’ (N = 46; M = 8 months postpartum) positive and negative expressive behaviors were coded during couples’ discussions of current conflict and positive family experiences. Mothers self-reported their leisure-time exercise behavior. Results: First-time mothers and mothers with higher levels of leisure-time exercise behavior displayed higher levels of positive expressive behaviors during couples’ discussions. Conclusions: Exercise may be associated with increased positive emotion and, in turn, can have great potential to improve family relationships during the postpartum period when marital stress normatively increases, particularly for mothers with more than 1 child. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand exercise patterns across the postpartum period to identify the most effective timing and optimal level of exercise that lead to more positive expressive behaviors.     

我国女排高水平后备人才常见运动损伤致因分析

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究手段,对我国女排15支高水平后备人才队伍,共计218名运动员常见运动损伤的原因进行调查,结合排球运动项目的技术特点,以及研究对象的身心、技术与训练水平等群体特征,对其常见运动损伤的致伤因素从"直接因素和潜在因素"两方面加以分析。降低运动损伤对高水平后备人才培养带来的困扰,从规范技术动作、提高科学化训练水平和加强医务监督等角度提出建议。     

中外优秀女子排球强队二号位进攻的研究

随着排球技战术打法的发展,世界女排强队对二号位的进攻日益重视,尤其是在强力接应战术的使用以后。研究结果显示：中外优秀女子排球强队二号位进攻占其总体进攻体的39%左右,得分占进攻总得分的41.77%左右;中外女排强队二号位进攻落点多处于对方场区的6区和9区,4区和7区之间;中国女排应该加强二号位进攻。     

雅典奥运会女篮前六强与中国队进攻得分特点的对比研究

篮球得分是一切进攻技、战术的最终目的和全部攻守矛盾的焦点。通过对雅典奥运会女篮比赛前六名球队的5场比赛和中国队落败的4场比赛进攻得分情况进行统计分析，探讨雅典奥运会女篮前六名球队进攻得分的特点，并与中国女篮进攻得分的特点进行比较，找出中国女篮存在的差距，为今后中国女篮的训练和比赛提供有益参考。     

现代女子剑术的技术风格研究

通过对建国以来全国武术套路竞赛中,不同时期较具代表性的6名全国女子剑术冠军技术风格的分析,从技术流变的角度探讨不同时期女子剑术技术的特点,以期发现女子剑术技术的发展趋势,把握技术走向。找出规律,为改善剑术的训练竞赛的工作提供的理论依据。     

新疆回族女性体育锻炼状况及影响因素的调查研究

对新疆回族集中地昌吉州、伊犁州及焉耆县各年龄段的回族女性参加体育锻炼状况进行调查,结果表明：回族女性参与体育锻炼状况不容乐观;回族女性总体体育锻炼意识不强,参与体育锻炼的积极性不高且影响因素较多。