论土地承包经营权流转与农地资源的保护

农地资源不仅包括耕地资源,而且包括农用非耕地资源。土地承包经营权流转的制度设计在关注前者的同时,也不能忽视对后者的保护。无论农村土地承包经营权的流转如何放开搞活,始终要将农地资源的保护放在首位,做到三方面统一。即土地承包经营权流转与保持农地用途相统一,土地承包经营权流转与预防土地撂荒相统一,以及土地承包经营权流转与提高土地使用效率相统一。     

新中国艺术品拍卖史述略

1992年至今,中国大陆艺术品拍卖市场已经历了20年的发展。自开创、起步、成长壮大到上升期,再到繁盛期,进而步入调整期,一波三折,历经坎坷,在探索中逐渐走向成熟。中国大陆艺术品拍卖市场还存在许多问题和不足,亟待解决。形成国内统一的艺术市场、建立世界性的国际艺术品拍卖市场,仍是我们努力的方向。     

Scaling-up Sustainable Land Management Practices through the Concept of the Rural Resource Centre: Reconciling Farmers' Interests with Research Agendas

Abstract

Purpose: Formal agricultural research has generated vast amount of knowledge and fundamental insights on land management, but their low adoption has been attributed to the use of public extension approach. This research aims to address whether and how full participation of farmers through the concept of Rural Resource Centre (RRC) provides new insights for the development of alternative and farmers-based extension methods.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the Concept of RRC, this research assesses the role of farmers in on-farm demonstrations and scaling-up of land management practices, and investigates effective ways to enhance beneficial interactions between researchers, extension workers and farmers in view of improving adoption.

Findings: The findings suggest that farmers can effectively participate in demonstrations and scaling-up of agricultural practices. This participation is enhanced by judicious incentives such as higher crop yields that motivate farmers and influence adoption. The current success of the approach stems from the fact that farmers, extension workers and researchers jointly implement the activities and their different aims were achieved simultaneously: scientific results for researchers, better agricultural practices for extension workers, and economic success and free choice for farmers.

Practical implications: This research concludes that farmers have the capacities to play an innermost role in demonstrations and scaling-up of agricultural practices. However, there is a need to build and strengthen their capacities to facilitate their participation and contribution.

Originality/Value: The article demonstrates the value of the preponderant role of farmers in on-farm demonstrations and scaling-up practices by exhibiting the beneficial interactions between researchers, extension workers and farmers.     

Outdoor education in Scotland

Abstract

Although Scotland is part of the United Kingdom it has a distinct cultural identity and a separate education and legal system. These factors, which have influenced the development of outdoor education, are likely to have an even greater impact in the future following the re-establishment (after a break of almost 300 years since 1707) of a Scottish Parliament in 1999.

Scotland was one of the first countries in the world to formalise outdoor education. This was the result of a combination of factors:

• ? Geophysical and climatic factors together with landholding and land-use practices established in the 18th Century have ensured that much of Highland Scotland is depopulated and devoid of forests; leading to the perception that the area is a “wilderness” and therefore attractive for outdoor recreation.

• ? Exploration for political, economic and scientific reasons in the second half of the millennium, which both led to and developed from Britain's empire, stimulated a national taste for adventure as expressed in seafaring, mountaineering and polar exploration.

• ? Growth in wealth, mobility and leisure-time in the late 19th and 20th Centuries provided the means by which many more people could engage in their own, more modest adventures, leading to the development of stylised forms of outdoor activities in the UK.

Consequently the landscape and surrounding seas of Scotland have long presented challenges for outdoor recreation, and post-war development of outdoor education fitted quite naturally into this physical and social landscape.

In the 1960s and 1970s outdoor education (often formalised as physical outdoor activities and based on a residential experience) was extensively developed in Scotland and was of international significance. In recent years, primarily as a result of political effects, provision has been in some decline; a trend markedly at odds with the concurrent rapid growth in outdoor recreation. A shift away from public provision through the education service seems to be countered by growth in “charitable” and “private sector” provision, especially in the case of residential outdoor education centres.

Some concerns are raised about possible future trends, and the argument made that educational theory should be taken into account in the design of programmes which focus on personal and social education; or which capitalise on the learning potential of the landscape to encourage cultural awareness and principles of sustainability, which are seen as having both local and global significance.     

《雪国》——虚无的意象世界

《雪国》是川端康成的巅峰之作,也是他虚无思想体现最为集中的一部作品.而这种虚无精神的内核是通过镜像、雪、死亡等一系列的意象来体现的,《雪国》向读者营构了一个虚无的意象世界.它不仅是川端康成对人生的终极意义的探索和思考,也代表了那个时代的人的悲观心态.     

清末伊犁新军入伊概况

清末新军入伊是长庚练兵的重要举措之一。伊犁新军的构成较为复杂;入伊后分别妥善安置、管理;军官的素质较高,任免严格;编练成协后军饷的筹措艰难。     

目前学术界宅基地使用权继承问题观点综述

目前我国法律对于宅基地使用权继承制度的规范存在严重缺位,在此情况下,学术界针对现实生活中在宅基地使用权继承问题上遇到的三种情况提出了不同的观点,并各自列举了其理由。本文将这些观点及各自列举的理由作了综述,以便于人们在此基础上作出进一步的研究,或参照这些观点和理由,通过立法为宅基地使用权的继承设置一套完整的调整制度。     

试论朱执信的土地国有思想

朱执信是中国资产阶级民主革命派的著名理论家和活动家,他始终不渝地宣传和捍卫孙中山先生倡导的三民主义,承受孙中山先生的“平均地权”思想,提出了土地国有的主张,并对土地国有的意义和必要性进行了论述。     

从欧洲中心主义入手解读《永恒的土地》

在小说《永恒的土地》当中,作者达克用文学的手法对殖民罪恶的源泉“欧洲中心主义”进行了无情的批判,形象地怒斥了“欧洲中心主义”是欧洲殖民主义者进行殖民扩张的精神根源,给疆民地土著居民带来了巨大的灾难。     

王家坡土地利用规划与生态农业发展战略

本文通过对王家坡试点农村经济的深入调查与综合分析，详细论述了该试点的自然地理条件、社会经济条件。在对试点土地资源利用现状详查的基础上，制定了科学的土地利用规划。提出振兴王家坡农村经济的出发点在于发展生态农业，进而阐述了王家坡生态农业发展的战略设想。