日本新闻自由的百年历程

新闻自由起源于1789年的法国《人权宣言》以及1791年的美国联邦宪法第一修正案，它是基于西方民主与人权观念基础上的一项重要权利。这项重要权利在日本经历了极其艰难的曲折历程。这一艰难历程表明。一个民族的文化传统对于国家的制度建设产生重要影响。在新思想和新制度来临之际，旧的文化必然极力抵制。从而产生两种文化的斗争。虽然传统势力异常强大，如果新制度获得有效的实施，新文化仍有可能逐步取代旧文化。新闻自由最终获得了日本社会大众和部分统治层的接受与认同。并为明治宪法与和平宪法的实施做出了重要贡献。     

结合图像特征的平滑恢复技术

图像恢复是数字图像处理领域内技术难度较大的项目。结构张量包含有图像的邻域结构特征,借助这些信息可在降噪的同时保持图像边缘的细节特征。运用此技术的算法在经典的图像恢复操作之后增加了对图像的平滑,降低了噪声的影响。在此基础上恢复的图像在峰值信噪比以及视觉效果上都有明显提高,基于卷积的快速运算也保证了算法的实时效果。     

黄河重点生态区生态修复的现状、问题与对策研究

生态兴则文明兴。黄河重点生态区生态保护和修复重大工程作为实施全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程(2021—2035年)之一,黄河重点生态区在自然生态恢复功能低下形成的生态脆弱和以往经济发展对流域治理的非理性忽视所遗留的生态问题的双重作用下,其所显现的复合性生态环境问题亟待解决,生态保护和修复压力较大。但区域生态修复的责任主体界定模糊;评估、监测、管理程序缺乏系统性明确安排;生态修复资金管理与监督机制不完善;生态修复部门间的信息共享机制有待完善。要从实体和程序两个方面夯实黄河重点生态区修复机制,强化黄河重点生态区生态修复政策的导向性,为黄河流域生态安全和高质量发展提供生态保障,并为全国重要生态保护和修复重大工程提供具有普遍性的机制完善建议。     

Analysis of the restoration of an historical organ: The case study of the Cavaillé-Coll organ of La Merced Church in Burgos,Spain

Abstract

The restoration of the Cavaillé-Coll Romantic organ housed in La Merced Church of Burgos, Spain is described in this paper. The organ was affected by a fire that took place in the church. The effect of the fire on the pipes differed depending on their location within the instrument. A combination of analytical techniques (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, particle-induced X-ray emission, metallography, and specific density) allowed the accurate determination of the microstructures and compositions of the alloys used to make the different pipes of the organ, some of which had a high tin content and others which had a high lead content. The most damaged pipes were replaced by reconstructed pipes made out of metallic sheets of the same composition as the originals, to ensure a historically accurate sound.     

从道光二十四年诺们罕案件看《钦定藏内善后章程》

乾隆五十三年（1788）廓尔喀兴兵入侵后藏,五十六年（1791）第二次入侵,这战争暴露清朝治理西藏问题,因而乾隆五十七年（1792）颁布《钦定藏内善后章程》,此章程规定藏内诸事应统归驻藏大臣管理,由驻藏大臣整顿边防、吏治、财税各方面。道光二十四年（1844）发生诺们罕被控案件．呈显《钦定藏内善后章程》的执行问题。诺们罕担任达赖喇嘛商上摄政,扩大职权侵欺达赖喇嘛商上库银以及田庄,而聚集财富于他私人的祝庆寺。任用职官方面,诺们罕从未与驻藏大臣协商,纵容属下勒索喇嘛。又,诺们罕私自给商民照票,让他们往来西藏与边境的贸易。清朝政府按照喇嘛例文六条“喇嘛等犯罪令先革退喇嘛”,将他剥除袈裟革退。诺们罕诸多贪渎罪状,并没按照《大清律例》监守官吏侵盗仓库银两一千两以上例,斩监候处决．仅将他发遣黑龙江。这案件所呈显清朝对西藏的宗教政策,值得进一步讨论。     

20th century artists’ oil paints: The case of the Olii by Lucio Fontana

During the 20th century, many innovative binders have been rapidly introduced to the art world and soon became popular as artists’ paints and pictorial media. However, despite the advantages that new synthetic materials presented, oil paints have never been entirely substituted. Indeed, this paper focuses on the results provided by the scientific analysis of a group works from the oeuvre of Lucio Fontana (1899–1968), all of which created between 1960 and 1964 using oil-based media, and aims to illustrate how oils contained in the pictorial media have influenced these works’ respective ageing and degradation processes. Despite the apparent coherence in the behaviour of many of Fontana's creations, some artworks revealed discrepancies in terms of the physical and mechanical behaviour of the pictorial films and in alterations resulting from degradation processes. Samples taken from case studies belonging to the Olii and Fine di Dio series were analysed using optical microscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to study and identify the materials employed by the artist and the products of their degradation processes. These analyses gave unexpected but useful results (such as the presence of non-drying or slow-drying oils in the paint formulations) which not only provided us with new insight into the nature of the constituent materials, but also facilitated the elaboration of correct conservation measures and suitable restoration interventions.     

退耕还湖后菜子湖湿地土壤剖面有机碳分布变化

退耕还湖是我国长江中下游地区湿地生态恢复的重要举措,土壤有机碳是评价湿地生态功能恢复的重要组成部分。本文选取菜子湖区不同退耕年限(2、5、8、10、20a)和退耕后不同植被群落(苔草、芦苇和酸模)湿地土壤为研究对象,揭示退耕还湖后退耕年限和植被类型对湿地土壤有机碳恢复的影响。结果表明:随退耕年限的增加,湿地土壤有机碳含量逐渐增加,但土壤有机碳密度随退耕年限增加呈"升高―降低―升高"的趋势,总体比油菜地高出61.5%~82.3%;不同植被类型下土壤剖面(0~55 cm)有机碳含量表现为:芦苇(8.90g/kg)苔草(8.84g/kg)酸模(5.84g/kg),芦苇土壤剖面有机碳含量随土层深度增加而变化幅度小于苔草和酸模;不同植被类型下土壤剖面(0~55 cm)有机碳密度呈现出芦苇(7.92 kg/m2)苔草(7.42 kg/m2)酸模(5.01 kg/m2)。结果分析表明退耕还湖后菜子湖湿地植被恢复和理化性质变化促进土壤有机碳含量及其密度变化,而苔草、芦苇和酸模土壤剖面土壤有机碳恢复不一致,芦苇对土壤剖面有机碳密度提升能力最强。     

黄遵选与日本

黄遵选与《日本国志》和《日本杂事诗》,对日本明治维新的情况进行了全面、详细的介绍,为中国近代的维新变法运动提供了蓝本,是戊戌变法的理论基础和思想基础。黄遵宪在了解日本的同时也在改造自己,日本明治维新后的巨变促使他发生了根本性的变化。他既与爱好和平的日本人民结下了深厚的友谊,也对日本的侵略性有非常深刻的认识。在对外交上主张对日本采取强硬政策：趁“今日本国势未定,兵力未强,与日争衡,犹可克也”。否则,“隐忍容之,养虎坐大,热将不可复制”。     

海洋生态修复中的产业替代理论研究

加强海洋的生态修复和保护、调整优化海洋的产业结构是确保海洋经济可持续发展的关键。从海洋的生态经济系统分析切入,在传统的生产函数模型的基础上构建了海洋产业替代模型,并将生态因子引入到调整后的海洋产业替代模型中进行分析,探讨了海洋生态修复中的产业转型和产业替代的价值转化,并在此基础上进一步研究了多个替代产业之间的投资分配问题,提出海洋产业结构优化的投资决策,为海洋经济的发展提供了政策指导。     

Oracle 数据库的备份与恢复策略研究

数据库安全是管理信息系统(MIS)正常运行的重要保障。本文从数据库安全的角度出发,介绍了Oracle数据库常见备份与恢复方式,阐述了Oracle数据库的备份策略。