背越式跳高运动员的心理训练方法

在背越式跳高训练中,由于教练员忽视对运动员心理素质的训练,导致运动员在大赛中发挥不出自己的正常水平。出现"克拉克现象"、"Chok ing现象"等不利于比赛水平发挥的心理现象。因此,加强心理训练对提高背越式跳高运动员运动成绩具有重要的作用。根据背越式跳高的项目特点,背越式跳高运动员应具有自信强化等六种心理素质。     

击剑的专项心理特征及心理调控方法综述

本文以击剑运动项目特征为切入点,通过文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,总结归纳击剑的专项心理特征,并对此进行系统的针对性心理训练,以提高运动员的心理控制能力,从而促进运动员技、战术水平的发挥。     

“心理定向-动作速度合成”法在标枪技术教学中的应用研究

目前,体育院系的技术教学课时大幅减少,如何在有限的时间内完成教学任务,提高教学效能,成为每一位体育教学工作者面临的问题.本实验在标枪技术教学过程中,运用"心理定向-动作速度合成"教学法,将学生的心理活动与动作练习结合起来,对教学所需的心理结构进行定向构建和培养.结果表明:运用"心理定向一动作速度合成"法组织教学,能突出心理认知对技术的控制作用以及掷标枪技术的速度特点,有利于学生掌握完整动作技术,形成合理的运动节奏,能有效的加快教学进度,提高教学效率.     

Adverse and adaptive childhood experiences are associated with parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) are at risk for maladaptive parenting practices, and have heightened likelihood of having experienced childhood adversity themselves. In addition, parental reflective functioning (PRF), a capacity underlying sensitive caregiving, is often low in mothers with SUD. This study examines the relationship between PRF and aversive (emotional, physical, sexual abuse and neglect) and adaptive (safety and competence) experiences, in different developmental phases (early childhood, latency, and adolescence) in mothers with a SUD. A sample of 43 mothers with small children were interviewed with the Parental Developmental Interview to assess PRF, and they completed the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire regarding aversive and adaptive experiences. In addition, we used the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-10 to control for mental health status and a battery of neuropsychological tests to control for executive functions. Results indicated that adaptive experiences in early childhood were positively related to PRF, and that experience of emotional abuse was negatively related to PRF. When separating the group of mothers in two sub-groups based on PRF level, results showed that mothers with negative to low PRF had significantly more experiences of adversities in early childhood and latency, and significantly less adaptive experiences in early childhood, latency and adolescence, compared to mothers with moderate to high PRF. In addition, mothers with adequate to high PRF reported experiencing significantly more types of adaptive experiences, and significantly less adversities compared to mothers with negative to low PRF. Results are discussed in relation to developmental trauma, resilience, epistemic trust and mistrust.     

Area-socioeconomic disparities in mental health service use among children involved in the child welfare system

Relying on data from a nationally representative sample of youth involved in the child welfare system (CWS) in 1999–2000 (the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, Cohort 1) and 2008–2009 (Cohort 2), this study implemented a diverse set of disparity indicators to estimate area-socioeconomic disparities in mental health (MH) services use and changes in area-socioeconomic disparities between the two cohorts. Our study found that there are area-socioeconomic disparities in MH service use, indicating that the rates of MH service use among youth referred to the CWS differ by area-socioeconomic positions defined by county-level poverty rates. We also found that area-socioeconomic disparities increased over time. However, the magnitude of the increase varied widely across disparity measures, suggesting that there are different conclusions about the trend and magnitude of area-socioeconomic disparities, depending upon which disparity measures are implemented. A greater understanding of the methodological differences among disparity measures is warranted, which will in turn impact how interventions are designed to reduce socioeconomic disparities among children in the CWS.     

试论雷杰·米勒的投篮心态与篮球运动员投篮时的心理调控

通过对NBA优秀篮球运动员“雷杰.米勒”的资料分析,展现其投篮时的优秀心理品质和心理状态的特点,寻找现代“神投手”心理训练的特点和方法,认为“专注、自信、自强、自控”是现代篮球运动员投篮时的主要心理调控策略。     

国内男子摔跤运动员比赛中临场心理因素的研究

本论文研究目的是解决国内男子摔跤运动员在比赛中心理不稳定因素,日前男子摔跤运动员在比赛中往往无法发挥真正的实力,心理因素的影响很大,通过对国内男子摔跤运动员比赛中心理因素的调查分析造成心理不利因素的原因,解决问题以保证在今后比赛中更好的发挥党技水平,全面提高国内男子摔跤运动员整体水平。     

浅谈乒乓球运动对大学生心理健康的影响

通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法,对乒乓球运动队大学生心理健康的影响进行研究,研究显示：乒乓球运动对缓解大学生学习压力、提高学习效率,增强社会适应能力,培养坚韧的意志品质有积极的影响。     

射击心理训练与发挥

射击运动员技术水平的提高是一个方面,更重要的是与比赛发挥相关联的心理能力的训练和提高。只有技术训练水平而没有发挥高水平的良好的心理能力作保证,其竞技能力永远是低下的。因此,心理技能是发挥的重要因素,因而运动竞赛的心理训练应得到非常的重视。     

Effects of performance feedback valence on perceptions of invested mental effort

We investigated whether the valence of performance feedback provided after a task, would affect participants’ perceptions of how much mental effort they invested in that same task. In three experiments, we presented participants with problem-solving tasks and manipulated the presence and valence of feedback between conditions (no, positive, or negative feedback valence), prior to asking them to rate how much mental effort they invested in solving that problem. Across the three experiments–with different problem-solving tasks and participant populations–we found that subjective ratings of effort investment were significantly higher after negative than after positive feedback; ratings given without feedback fell in between. These findings show that feedback valence alters perceived effort investment (possibly via task perceptions or affect), which can be problematic when effort is measured as an indicator of cognitive load. Therefore, it seems advisable to measure mental effort directly after each task, before giving feedback on performance.