Type-dependent differential expression of neuropeptide Y in chicken hypothalamus （Gallus domesticus）

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus (IN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily (about 1.7 folds) and greater body weights (about 1.5 folds) and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the IN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions, the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.     

基于XMPP协议的Android消息推送设计与实现

随着移动互联网的快速发展,消息推送已成为手机端产品信息实时发布和网络营销的一种重要手段。XMPP协议作为Android系统消息推送的主要技术,已经得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了一种基于XMPP协议的Android Pn开源框架的实现模型,将其部署在My SQL数据库和Tomcat服务器下,实现并改进了实时推送消息、自定义消息结构和内容、推送服务开机启动、手机端服务唤醒、发送离线消息等实用技术。     

手机短信与图书馆信息互动服务

现代图书馆在飞速发展的环境中,要及时跟踪、学习和研究新科技、新设备,尽早引入图书馆工作,为积极有效地拓展图书馆服务渠道,尽量满足读者对信息资源的需求提供条件。手机短信技术的成熟为读者与图书馆之间的信息互动提供了一个全新的交流模式。参考文献6。     

数据加密常用技术及其发展趋势

介绍了加密的一般原理和当今常用加密技术中的对称加密技术、非对称加密技术、多步加密技术以及PGP加密技术,分析了各技术的适应领域,并展望了加密技术的未来。     

XOR-MAC消息认证码的安全性新证明

消息认证码（Message Authentication Codes---MACs）是保证消息完整性的重要工具。Bellare 等人提出了称为XOR-MAC的消息认证码,界定了攻击者成功伪造的概率,从而证明了其安全性,但是他们给出的证明方法较为复杂。本文使用Game-Playing 技术采用新的安全性定义证明了XOR-MAC的安全性,证明方法简单明了;在底层所使用的分组密码是伪随机置换的假设下,量化了该消息认证码与随机函数之间区分的概率。     

信息抽取技术及其在数字图书馆中的应用前景分析

信息抽取的目标是自动从文本信息中抽取出预先想要得到的信息(知识) , 它提供了一条从浩瀚的信息堆积中抽取出与用户相关的信息的一条思路。文章分析了信息抽取的主要概念、主要研究活动、信息抽取的类型和信息抽取系统的一般结构, 并提出在数字图书馆的建设中, 信息抽取技术能够在数字内容的自动标引、元数据获取、数据挖掘、情报研究分析、大型知识库数值库建设、参考咨询等方面发挥重要的作用。     

关于短信的档案学思考

手机短信作为一种新型的信息存在形式,已经迅速渗透到社会生活各个方面,并逐步改变着人们的生活习惯和思维方式。本文从短信是否是档案信息,是否值得保存开始探讨,并进一步阐述了短信保管的必要性和方法。     

The relative effects of timing of suspicion and outcome involvement on biased message processing

The propensity to believe information to be predominately truthful has been called the truth-bias (e.g., McCornack & Levine, 1990), although the lie-bias is the tendency to believe that information is mostly false. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect that timing of suspicion and outcome involvement has on biased message processing. A two-way interaction between timing of suspicion and outcome involvement is hypothesized. Specifically, suspicion induced prior to communication will make receivers more suspicious of the communicator and therefore encode more of their nonverbal cues as “suspicious” or “fishy.” This effect is predicted to be magnified in conditions of high outcome involvement. If receivers are already suspicious, and carefully scrutinizing the message, it will be likely that they will note more “fishy behaviors” and demonstrate a heightened lie-bias. In two studies, Participants (Ps) were asked to view videotaped segments of a confederate making true or false statements. The Ps were induced to feel suspicious before or after viewing the videotaped interview. They were also induced to perceive high or low levels of outcome involvement. Results of Study 1 indicated that timing of suspicion has little effect on biased processing, but perceived suspicion did influence biased processing. Results of Study 2 indicated that the timing of suspicion did influence the strength of the truth-bias but did not create a lie-bias. Both studies demonstrated the strong effect of perceived outcome involvement on honesty perceptions.     

Ironic Message Production: How and Why We Produce Ironic Messages

This paper addresses the conceptualization and production of irony. Specifically, psychological predispositions are used to identify what makes the production of an ironic message likely. Reasons for endorsing and suppressing ironic messages are discussed based on individuals’ goals in a situation. The importance of common ground between individuals during ironic message productions is also discussed. Results suggest (a) the suppression of ironic messages due to concern for both the other and the self, (b) there is a need for mutual understanding of an attitude for ironic messages to be understood as ironic, and (c) the endorsement of ironic messages is designed to inflict harm to others.     

A bibliography of rhetoric and public address for the year 1956

While communication scholars place considerable emphasis on skill training, the systematic study of adult communication‐skill acquisition has lagged behind the study of skilled performance in other fields and behavioral domains. It is particularly noteworthy that we know very little of the course of skill acquisition over time or of the role of repeated learning trials in skill development. One of the aims of the research reported here was to establish an experimental paradigm that would permit systematic investigations of such issues. This paradigm was then employed in three studies involving a total of 1,830 messages. In Study 1, the course of skill acquisition in message production conformed to the same sort of power law that characterizes skill development for relatively simple motor and cognitive responses. Indeed, the power model accounted for an average of 71 percent of the variance in the time required for subjects to complete a message‐production task. In Study 2, which had slightly different message‐production instructions, the power model accounted for an average of 53 percent of the variance in message‐production time. Finally, in Study 3 the power model appeared to apply, even when the number of message trials was doubled, and also to characterize the course of performance improvements when message trials were resumed after a delay of several days. Methodological and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.