1957年整风运动提前发动的经过、原因及影响

1957年整风运动的部署，在一个月内进行了两次重大调整，不仅提前了5个多月，而且由原来在适当范围内试行调整为在全党全面推开。这是针对党内外讨论人民内部矛盾问题的巨大反差，为争取主动而做出的重大决策调整。但仓促中的理论准备不充分和全党认识不统一，也为其后反右派斗争出现严重偏差埋下了隐患。     

中小学生品德不良的成因与矫治

学生不良品德的形成既有客观外在原因，又有主观心理因素。本文首先对造成我国中小学生品德不良的主、客观原因作出系统探析，并在此基础上提出了解决此问题的相应的对策。     

冬季奥林匹克运动三大体系可持续发展研究

摘要：冬季奥林匹克运动作为奥林匹克运动的重要组成部分,它与奥林匹克运动同样是由思想、组织、活动三大体系所构成。以体育可持续发展系统理论为切入点,把可持续理念置入三大体系的维度中探讨,研究结果表明：可持续发展是一个复杂的系统,冬季奥林匹克运动三大体系各司其职,贯彻可持续理念进行发展建构。思想体系应强调进一步践行奥林匹克主义,吸纳东方思想,强化公平公正;组织体系在确保独立性的基础上,提升其透明度;活动体系则更加强调与环境的和谐互动和“以人为本”的人文教育价值。冬季奥林匹克三大体系的可持续发展是在保证奥林匹克主义基本精神的前提下,针对冬季运动项目的独特性,创造出属于自己的发展之路,它是未来奥林匹克运动可持续发展的重要组成部分。研究冬季奥林匹克三大体系的可持续发展对北京2022年冬季奥运会的筹办也具有一定的参考价值。     

新闻标题中行业词语移用分析

对《新安晚报》新闻标题中行业词语的移用现象及其修辞作用的分析表明:一方面,当今行业词语移用范围扩大,使用更加灵活,词义更加宽泛,反映了社会发展对语言使用的极大影响,也反映了人们理念的更新及文化水平的普遍提高;另一方面,行业词语的移用丰富了标题的表达形式,增强了标题的表现力,突出了新闻主题,吸引了读者的注意力,并且对读者的阅读欣赏水平提出了更高要求。     

IntoNews: Online news retrieval using closed captions

We present IntoNews, a system to match online news articles with spoken news from a television newscasts represented by closed captions. We formalize the news matching problem as two independent tasks: closed captions segmentation and news retrieval. The system segments closed captions by using a windowing scheme: sliding or tumbling window. Next, it uses each segment to build a query by extracting representative terms. The query is used to retrieve previously indexed news articles from a search engine. To detect when a new article should be surfaced, the system compares the set of retrieved articles with the previously retrieved one. The intuition is that if the difference between these sets is large enough, it is likely that the topic of the newscast currently on air has changed and a new article should be displayed to the user. In order to evaluate IntoNews, we build a test collection using data coming from a second screen application and a major online news aggregator. The dataset is manually segmented and annotated by expert assessors, and used as our ground truth. It is freely available for download through the Webscope program.¹ Our evaluation is based on a set of novel time-relevance metrics that take into account three different aspects of the problem at hand: precision, timeliness and coverage. We compare our algorithms against the best method previously proposed in literature for this problem. Experiments show the trade-offs involved among precision, timeliness and coverage of the airing news. Our best method is four times more accurate than the baseline.     

论贡珠?云丹嘉措的历史功绩

贡珠?云丹嘉措是清代藏区学富五明的班智达,毕生著有藏文化百科全书“五大藏”,并倡导不分教派偏执、兼容海纳各派之长,各教派共同发展的“利美”思想,成为当时家喻户晓的著名学者。本文通过其自传,结合相关文献资料,梳理分析了他对藏族传统文化的贡献。     

Physical education cultures in Sweden: fitness,sports, dancing … learning?

In a significant article from 1993, Crum describes the purpose of physical education (PE) as a ‘planned introduction into movement culture’. In broad terms, this purpose is tantamount to the stated purpose of Swedish PE in national steering documents. Crum contends, however, that physical educators do not prioritise learning, which is largely due to the different ‘movement cultures’ that constitute the PE lessons. This article explores how practice unfolds in movement cultures that are included in Swedish PE and their implications for teaching and learning in the subject. Some 30 (indoor) PE lessons in eight secondary schools in four cities throughout Sweden were video recorded. At ‘first glance’ these lessons indicated the prevalence of four logics of practice: a physical training logic, a sports logic, a sport technique logic and a dance logic. However, further analysis revealed that the teachers' and students' actions were not entirely in line with a logic of practice of training the body, winning the game, learning sporting skills or learning to dance. Instead, the PE practice largely unfolded as a ‘looks-like-practice’, where the purpose of teaching was blurred, and where any ‘planned introduction into movement culture’ was difficult to identify. In the final section, the authors discuss how physical activity logics can be recontextualised in a PE setting in order to emphasise the educational contribution of PE.     

基于输入-输出理论的“新闻播报法”听力学习模式

英语专业低年级学生经常受制于词汇量有限、辨音能力差、语感弱、话题不熟悉等因素的影响,英语听力难以提高。本文介绍一种基于Krashen的语言输入假设和Swain的语言输出理论的听力学习模式———“新闻播报法”,通过听、写、校、读四个环节对新闻材料进行高强度的研习,突破听力的各个瓶颈,使学生各方面的语言能力迅速得到提高。     

宋代中央官学的教法改革活动

宋代中央官学是全国士子向往的最高学府,肩负着为国家培养所需人才的重任。为了培养维护和巩固封建统治的人才,宋代统治者在教育上积极推行各项改革,自上而下地推行了以教法改革活动为重点的三次大规模的兴学运动,推动了宋代教育的快速发展。庆历兴学中的苏湖教法和分斋教学改革,拉开了大规模兴学运动的序幕,熙宁兴学的太学“三舍法”引导宋代中央官学的教学改革走向深入,崇宁兴学恢复和发展了熙宁兴学的某些措施,促进了宋朝教育事业的进一步发展。教法改革活动是宋代中央官学教育改革的重要内容和兴学的基础,虽然受到政治因素的诸多影响,但是在推动宋代教育发展和人才培养上的价值还是应该称道的。     

严复国民性改造思想产生的历史背景考察

严复国民性改造思想影响巨大,探讨其产生原因对更全面地了解这一思想不无裨益。首先这一思想的提出是由于民族危亡,特别是甲午中日战争的惨败对严复的刺激。社会改革运动的失败,特别是洋务运动的失败也让严复意识到物质层面的改革并不能挽救中国,将国家贫弱的症结转到了传统国民性上。西方人对中国传统国民性论述的话语启发,对严复反思传统国民性有一定的借鉴意义。新的参照系的出现也引发了严复对中西国民素质的比较。