我国优秀女排队员移动拦网技术动作解析

1前言近年来世界排球大赛的实践表明，拦网已从单一的防守技术转变为攻防兼备的制胜技术之一。拦网水平的高低不仅直接影响比赛的胜负，而且也是衡量一支球队技战术水平的重要标志之一，因此，备受国内外教练员和科研工作者的关注。长期以来，有关拦网技术的研究，仅限于现场统     

我国国家男女排运动员身体素质训练现状及存在的问题

身体素质的好坏直接影响到一个排球队伍的成绩,为了提高我国国家男女排身体素质训练的科学性和效率性,主要运用文献资料法、观察法和访谈法,对我国国家男女排运动员身体素质训练现状进行了详细分析,并找出了存在的主要问题。主要结果是:目前我国国家男女排球运动员专项身体素质训练的整体性原则体现不足;没有结合排球运动员专项身体素质的位置特征进行训练;专项身体素质训练内容重点不突出;专项素质训练内容不贴近比赛实际。     

Effects of different warm-up modalities on power output during the high pull

This study compared the effects of six warm-up modalities on peak power output (PPO) during the high-pull exercise. Nine resistance-trained males completed six trials using different warm-ups: high-pull specific (HPS), cycle, whole body vibration (WBV), cycle+HPS, WBV+HPS and a control. Intramuscular temperature (T_m) was increased by 2°C using WBV or cycling. PPO, T_m and electromyography (EMG) were recorded during each trial. Two high-pulls were performed prior to and 3 min after participants completed the warm-up. The greatest increase in PPO occurred with HPS (232.8 ± 89.7 W, P < 0.001); however, this was not different to combined warm-ups (cycle+HPS 158.6 ± 121.1 W; WBV+HPS 177.3 ± 93.3 W, P = 1.00). These modalities increased PPO to a greater extent than those that did not involve HPS (all P < 0.05). HPS took the shortest time to complete, compared to the other conditions (P < 0.05). EMG did not differ from pre to post warm-up or between modalities in any of the muscles investigated. No change in T_m occurred in warm-ups that did not include cycling or WBV. These results suggest that a movement-specific warm-up improves performance more than temperature-related warm-ups. Therefore, mechanisms other than increased muscle temperature and activation may be important for improving short-term PPO.     

Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice.     

我国女子板球世预赛与亚运会技战术对比分析

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、访谈法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对2015年女子板球世界杯预选赛与2014年仁川亚运会中我国女子板球队与对手比赛的相关数据进行比较分析.指出与世界强队相比,我国女子板球队仍处于中游阶段,比赛中虽有个别优秀队员涌现,发挥关键性决定作用,但明星球员数量和能力与高水平国家相比还存在差距;我国队员在主动得分、击球得分率和4、6分球等指标上同对手相比无显著性差异,但附加分存在显著性差异;世预赛上我国女子板球队在技战术运用和团队配合等方面较亚运会进步明显,但进攻时技术的稳定性以     

二打一扑克游戏竞技化改革辨析

采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对二打一扑克竞技化改革问题进行研究.指出,二打一扑克契合休闲时代的娱乐特征,具有巨大的商业价值,对项目进行改革是适应经济社会和体育发展的需要,也是现存问题“倒逼”的结果;改革以网络为表现形式,其实质是竞技娱乐一体化;改革有利于满足各方利益需求,推动项目发展,但也可能出现过度商业化、娱乐化、工具化等问题.需要做好顶层设计,协调好相关利益主体的关系,整合资源优势,促进我国棋牌运动的转型发展.     

第31届奥运会男篮参赛球队攻防能力研究

采用文献资料法、录像观察法和秩和比法等,对参加31届奥运会男篮比赛球队的攻防能力进行综合量化评价,并将中国男篮与对手的攻防能力指标进行对比分析.结果显示:中国男篮进攻RSR处于D级,在得分、助攻、3分球命中率与罚球命中率上,与对手存在非常显著性差异,在失误数、进攻篮板、3分球出手数上与对手存在显著性差异;中国男篮防守RSR处于D级,防守篮板数比对手少,而失分和犯规数比对手多,且在犯规数上与法国男篮存在显著性差异;中国男篮攻防RSR处于E级;球队最终排名与进攻RSR值和攻防RSR值之间存在非常显著性相关.     

优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度训练与参赛规律研究

摘要：通过文献资料法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,透过对优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度参赛的多项指标进行分析,旨在为我国处于该阶段的优秀女子网球运动员的成长提供参考。结论如下,年度训练周期安排以“板块”小周期训练为主,采用赛练结合的小周期训练模式;赛间训练是网球运动员训练年度周期划分的一种灵活方式,训练内容、时间与强度与比赛强度和成绩有关,比赛强度越大,调整和恢复训练比重越大。比赛获胜时,运动员更容易接受教练员安排的训练内容。优秀女子网球运动员17岁进入职业过渡阶段,其完成职业过渡阶段路径可归为普通型、数量型和效率型三种类型,这与运动员身体条件和打法类型有关,高大型运动员以参赛效率为主,而身体条件较好的选手以参赛数量为主。根据运动员的打法特点,选择性参加快速或慢速场地比赛,且尽可能参加高级别赛事。运动员通常以2~3站比赛作为一个参赛单位,参赛密度逐渐增加,高级别数量增多,效率型运动员全年参赛级别呈“倒U型”分布,普通型运动员参赛级别差异性最小,数量型运动员参赛级别差异最大。     

北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤特征与风险因素筛查

摘要：目的：掌握北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤的流行情况,对导致运动损伤发生的风险因素进行筛查,为进一步预防男子大学生足球运动损伤的发生提供依据。方法：应用方便分层抽样的方法,对参加北京市男子大学生足球联赛甲、乙、丙组的14所高校249名在校大学生足球运动员的损伤情况进行调查,应用T检验、单因素χ2检验与二元非条件logistic回归模型进行分析。结果与结论：充分了解了北京市男子大学生足球运动员的运动损伤现状和特征;筛查出为运动损伤发生的主要的风险因素;错误的技术动作、对手的粗野动作导致损伤发生的主要诱发事件。     

从第31届奥运会看世界男篮的竞争新格局

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、秩和比法等对进入第31届奥运会男子篮球决赛阶段的12支球队的攻防指标进行了研究。研究显示:在进攻端,美国、西班牙、澳大利亚、塞尔维亚4支球队排在前4名,中国男篮的进攻RSR值为0.21,在所有参赛球队中垫底。在防守端,西班牙、法国、克罗地亚、美国排在前4名,中国队的防守RSR值为0.35,列所有参赛球队的第11名。攻防综合方面,美国、西班牙、澳大利亚是表现最为出色的球队,中国男篮的攻防RSR值为0.13,在所有参赛球队中垫底。本届奥运会形成了美国男篮实力出众、欧洲球队整体实力强劲、大洋洲和非洲篮球进步明显、亚洲篮球远远落后于世界篮球的新格局。