追赶和学习的创新型式

本文首先对技术后发国追赶和学习的技术创新过程研究进行了综述,其次基于学习对象的能力观和范式转换“跨越式窗口”观,提出了追赶和学习过程的创新型式的定义和划分,即跨越范式转换的以生产能力为中心的创新型式和以创新能力的中心的创新型式,接给出了基于这一意义的追赶和学习过程的学习、忘却学习和创新的阶段划分。最后对彩电产业进行了案例分析。全文从实证和理论的需要出发,对发展中国家技术创新过程研究视野进行了扩展。     

“长吉诗派”论

李贺的诗在中唐诗坛独树一帜,被人称之为“长吉体”。对其发展轮廓和轨迹作一勾勒,探讨其形成缘由。它的发展,首先是由李贺诗之特质所决定,而这一特质成为一种具有典型意义的抒情范式。从这个意义上审视,“长吉诗派”在后世之发展与延续,是李贺人生悲剧在后世重演的结果。     

Anxiety and education

A Lesson For Us All. The making of the national curriculum. By Duncan Graham with David Tytler. Pp. 160. Index. London: Routledge, 1993. £12.99. ISBN 0–415–08928‐X (pbk)

Schools in Wales 1500–1900: a Social and Architectural History by Malcolm Seaborne. Pp. 273. Denbigh: Gee &; Son Ltd., 1992. £15.00 hardback, ISBN 0–7074–0222–0

School and Community in Rural Wales by J. Roger Webster, 345 pp., Aberystwyth, Y Ganolfan Astudiaethau Addysg, 1991, £7.95 paper, ISBN 1 85644 139 3

Developing Assessment for the National Curriculum. Edited by Caroline Gipps. Pp viii, 103. London: Kogan Page in association with The Institute of Education, University of London, 1992. £12.95 paperback. 0–7494–0837–5. The Bedford Way Series.

Schools and Employment Law. By Patricia Leighton. Pp 168. London: Cassell, 1992. £14.95 paperback. ISBN 0–304–32445–0.

Policy and Power in Education: The rise and fall of the LEA. H. Heller with P. Edwards. Pp 232. Index. London: Routledge, 1992. £35 hardcover. ISBN 0–415–06982–3. Routledge Educational Management Series.

Public Expenditure on Higher Education: a Comparative Study in the Member States of the European Community. Frans Kaiser, Raymond J. G. M. Florax, Jos. B.J. Koelman, Frans A. van Vught. Pp 251. Index. London: Jessica Kingsley, 1992. 00.00 hardcover. ISBN 1 85302 532 1 hc. Higher Education Policy Series, Volume 18.

The Search for Enlightenment: The Working Class and Adult Education in the Twentieth Century Edited by Brian Simon. Pp 334. Index. Name Index. Leicester: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education, 1992. £10.95 flexicover. ISBN 1 872941 21 4.

Integrating Special Children: Some Ethical Issues. Edited by Gavin and Susan Fairbairn. Ppxi, 163. Index. Aldershot: Avebury, 1992. £30 hardback. ISBN 1 85628 259 7.

The Search for Quality: Planning for Improvement and Managing Change. By Del Goddard and Marilyn Leask. Pp xii, 242. Paul Chapman Publishers, 1992. £14.95. Paperback. ISBN 1–85396–190–6. Education Management Series.

Developing Resourceful Humans: adult education within the economic context. Edited by Lynn Elen Burton. Pp xvi, 222. Index. London: Routledge 1992 £40 hardcover. ISBN 0–415–00121–8.

Community Education in the Third World. Edited by Cyril Poster and Jurgen Zimmer. Pp. viii 253. London: Routledge, 1992. £35 hardcover. ISBN 0 415 04209 7.

Teachers’ Voices for School Change: An Introduction to Educative Research. Andrew Gitlin et al. Pp 207. London: Routledge, 1992. £35.00 hardback; £11.99 paperback. ISBN 0 415 05612 8 hb; ‐ 05613 6 pb. Routledge series in Investigating Schooling.

The Contours of Christian Education. Edited by J. Astley and D. Day. Pp 428. Index. Great Wakering, Essex (Great Britain). McCrimmons, 1992. £8.50p, Flexicover. ISBN 0 85597 495 8.

Women and Literacy, Marcela Ballara, xii, 84 pages, London, Zed Books, 1992. £29.95 hardcover; £9.95 paperback. ISBN 1–85648–980–9 (hardcover); ISBN 1–85649–981–7 (paperback). Women and World Development Series.     

从《红楼梦》中的已婚妇女形象看曹雪芹的女性观

《红楼梦》里的已婚妇女形象,大多都有着这样或那样的缺陷,在小说中,曹雪芹有着明显的褒女儿贬妇人的倾向,这一方面反映了曹雪芹对男权社会伦理环境对妇女人格的扭曲及人性的异化的认识,另一方面,也可看出传统文学的女性塑造模式对曹雪芹的影响,这使得他也在已婚女性（尤其是中年妇女）的形象塑造上。出现了一些类型化的倾向,缺少对已婚女性的丰富复杂的人性的刻画。     

聚合关系、转换生成与同义句式

在交际过程中,不同的句子由于语境和表达需要,可以形成各种同义句式。它们是\"在语言世界里具有相同的意义,属于同一个意义聚合\"、\"是从同样的深层结构转换、衍生、变化而来的。\"聚合关系的理论为同义句式的选用提供了理论依据,而转换生成学说则为同义手段的研究打开了新天地,使修辞学的研究更加全面和深入。     

The transformation of technological regimes

This article explores how the transformation of technological regimes is enabled and constrained by sectoral patterns of innovation. Four innovation patterns are distinguished: the supplier-dependent, the user-driven, the mission-oriented and the R&D-dependent innovation pattern. On the basis of a multiple case, it is shown that there are distinct differences between how these four innovation patterns enable and constrain the transformation of technological regimes and in the degree to which they do so. It is further shown that innovation patterns sometimes enable the development and acceptance of innovations that radically deviate from existing regimes and may help to transform such regimes. The implications for the management of technology are discussed.