坚毅刚健不屈不挠——李清照个性支配性特征试析

长期以来,人们多以为李清照是一个极为柔弱的女子;学术界虽有提及其"丈夫"气概的,但主要是从艺术风格立论的.偶有注意其个性之坚毅者,又认为这只是其性格中次要的一面.文章从李清照一生中部分事件来论证其性格中占支配地位的乃是坚毅刚健的一面.     

Educational choice and persistence in male- and female-dominated fields

Even though female students now make up more than half of all higher education students in many countries, the distribution of women across fields of study is still very uneven. This study examines the gendered nature of recruitment and dropout in higher education. Our results show that students who made gender traditional choices more often had an early preference for the study programme they enrolled in. Moreover, female students reported more often than male students that they had been encouraged by their parents and friends. However, unlike what we expected, there are no differences between students in gender traditional and non-traditional programmes with regard to encouragement from parents and students’ confidence that they had made the right choice. While male students’ dropout is unrelated to the gender composition of educational programmes, women drop out of female-dominated programmes to a lesser extent.

Financial aid and student persistence in online education in the United States

Distance education has historically had lower completion rates. Several models of persistence, for on-campus students, indicate that students’ financial status affects their decision to persist. This study involved providing distance education students’ financial aid in the form of institutional scholarships (N = 545) at Penn State University in the United States. The recipients were students who were not overachievers and not at-risk of failing, but somewhere in the middle. The purpose of the study was to test if receiving financial aid was related to students’ persistence. Using logistic regression and Chi-square analysis, this study found that scholarship-receiving students with higher financial need were two times more likely to persist in their studies than those with lower financial need. Results suggest that there is a positive relationship between providing even small financial aid to students with high-financial need and their persistence in their studies.     

Children involved in bullying: psychological disturbance and the persistence of the involvement

OBJECTIVE: This follow-up investigation studied the extent of bullying among children aged 8 (Study 1) and 12 (Study 2), and measured the persistence of this behaviour. The relationship between bullying and psychological disturbance at these two time points was also studied. Furthermore, the relationships between bullying and some background factors were investigated. METHOD: 1268 children were studied at two time points using three different questionnaires. Parents filled out the Rutter A2 Scale, teachers the Rutter B2 Scale and children themselves the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). RESULTS: Males outnumbered females at both time points among bullies, bully-victims (children who both bully and are victims) and victims. There was a clear difference between the genders among bullies and bully-victims, but the difference was quite minimal among victims. The number of children involved in bullying declined somewhat during the 4-year follow-up period, and a substantial number of children changed status, bullies became bully-victims for example. Nearly half the children involved in bullying in Study 2 had been involved 4 years earlier. Those children who were bully-victims in Study 1 were most commonly found to be still involved in bullying 4 years later. At both time points, children involved in bullying were found to have significantly more psychiatric symptoms than other children, and to be psychologically disturbed. Males and children from low SES families were more prone to continue to be involved in bullying over a 4-year period. CONCLUSIONS: Bullying is common among children, and in many cases lasts for years. Bully-victims are particularly at risk of remaining involved in bullying over longer periods. Also, children involved in bullying often have psychiatric problems and are disturbed.     

一种实体联系模型到面向对象模型的持久化映射模式

将实体联系模型到面向对象模型的持久化映射模式用于持久层普通对象的建模,可以快速完成J2EE应用中POJO的定义工作。在此基础上使用XDoc let标记说明映射特性,通过其他的框架(如H ibernate、Spring work、Struts、D isp lay-Tag、DWR等开源框架)的集成,可以自动生成数据驱动应用所需的所有代码,加速了此类应用的开发,使得设计者摆脱繁琐、重复的基础信息管理工作,更集中地关注业务领域的业务逻辑。     

Measuring value-added in higher education: Possibilities and limitations in the use of administrative data

This paper develops a general methodology for measuring the value added of institutions of higher education using commonly available administrative data. Our approach recognizes the data limitations and selection problems inherent in higher education, and highlights the challenges these issues pose for education policy. Combining information from different administrative sources in the state of Texas, we follow the universe of Texas college applicants from the time of application (pre-enrollment) through public college and into the labor market. In specifications that do not control for selection, we find large, significant differences across colleges in terms of persistence, graduation, and earnings; however, these differences decrease substantially when we control for selection. In light of the growing interest in using value-added measures in higher education for both funding and incentivizing purposes, our methodology offers unique evidence and lessons for policy makers.     

坚毅刚健 不屈不挠——李清照个性支配性特征试析

长期以来，人们多以为李清照是一个极为柔弱的女子；学术界虽有提及其“丈夫”气概的，但主要是从艺术风格立论的，偶有注意其个性之坚毅者，又认为这只是其性格中次要的一面。文章从李清照一生中部分事件来论证其性格中占支配地位的乃是坚毅刚健的一面。     

Persistence of innovation: Discriminating between types of innovation and sources of state dependence

This paper advances current research on the persistence of innovation drawing on a panel data set constructed from three waves of the German part of the Community Innovation Survey covering the time span from 2002 to 2008 (i.e., CIS IV, CIS 2007, and CIS 2009). We explore persistence patterns for various types of innovation (i.e., organizational, product and process innovation) and allowing for the moderating impact of firm-level characteristics. We use the ascertained patterns of persistence to comparatively evaluate various sources (and underlying theoretical accounts) of state dependence.     

Changes

This article explores the impact that e-business is likely to have on the provision of open and distance learning (ODL). It argues the likelihood of a major growth in the use of distance education, and the emergence of global consortia, possibly built around disaggregated value chains, that will create one or more global virtual universities. It suggests the technological developments that will underpin this process, the nature of the value-net-based relationships between institutions engaged in consortia, and the qualities of the Web that are impacting on ODL. It discusses such issues as the development of new e-learning pricing models; the use of Web advertising to generate income; the importance of scale and the concomitant pressure for institutional mergers and alliances; and the impact of e-commerce practices on administrative processes. The article suggests the emergence of hubs that bundle services customers want onto a single website, and the pressure for institutions to become 'sticky' in order to secure customer loyalty. Design strategies to ensure 'stickiness' are suggested. Existing ODL providers will need to address the challenges posed by e-business practice if they are to compete.     

关于Hibernate缓存机制的研究

Hibernate是一个开源的对象关系框架,它对JDBC进行了封装,java程序员可以通过Hibernate框架用对象编程的方式操纵数据库。而使用Hibernate缓存,减少了项目当中应用程序与数据库的交互,从一定程度上提高了项目运行的效率。主要探讨Hibernate框架的缓存实现机制与相关的应用策略。