Do public subsidies and facility coverage matter for voluntary sports clubs?

In many countries, voluntary sports clubs are the main recipients of public subsidies regarding the provision of recreational sport, and the economically most important level of government is usually the local government (i.e. the municipalities). The purpose of this article is to examine whether and how municipal framework conditions matter for sports clubs. Inspired by previous studies, we examine the role of direct and indirect public subsidies as well as facility coverage. The authors conduct analyses on a general level (for all sports) and specifically for five sports (badminton, football, gymnastics, handball and swimming). The differentiation between sports allows us to examine how municipal framework conditions might be associated differently with density and participation across sports. In the statistical analyses, the authors apply data collected among all 98 Danish municipalities. The results show that the municipal levels of direct and indirect subsidies are weakly correlated with both the density of and participation in sports clubs, while stronger correlations can be identified with regard to facility coverage. The analyses for the five sports reveal that the supply of relevant facility types is – with few exceptions – positively correlated with sports club density and participation levels within each sport. Thus, facility coverage seems to play a more important role for sports clubs than the levels of indirect and particularly direct subsidies.     

浅析美欧公共电视发展的法律环境

本文讨论的是美国民营公共电视机构所处的法律环境,以及欧盟各国对公共电视发展的法律支持,旨在提供对国外公营广电的基本了解。     

Sport as medicine: How F3 is building healthier men and communities

Given sport has been largely absent from U.S. public health policies and discourse, the author suggests ways that sport can be better managed to promote health. Using a critical perspective and grounded theory approach, the author examined the experiences of 14 men in the grassroots recreational program, F3. Data were collected through observation and semi-structured interviews. Based on the results, a conceptual model that suggests how sport should be managed to address illnesses related to physical inactivity is put forth. The resulting Sport as Medicine model indicates that Creating a Team Structure, Providing a Place to Be Accountable, and Ensuring No One is Left Out, led to meaningful Health Outcomes, including Physical Health, Mental Toughness, and Social Connections. As the distinctiveness of sport continues to emerge, the author provides a framework to consider how sport can be part of public health efforts to address physical inactivity. Thus, this work positions sport as medicine by pinpointing how sport can be managed so that holistic health outcomes are more likely achieved.     

社会治理视域下公众参与档案资源建设的内涵与模式

公众参与档案资源建设既是新时代社会治理赋予的必然权利,也是公众参与社会治理的实践表征.界定社会治理视域下公众参与档案资源建设的概念内涵,厘清三者之间的互动关系,归纳总结国内外公众参与档案资源建设的既有模式,对于明确当下公众参与现状和面临的困境并针对性地提出对策具有先导意义,进而有效凸显社会治理中的公众角色和档案力量.     

基于微信公众平台的辅助课程系统的实现

微信作为新的交流方式给网络化教学带来了新机遇。本文提出构建基于微信公众平台的辅助课程系统的总体思路,阐述了系统的特点和可行性、辅助课程系统的设计方法、主要原理和关键实现技术。结果表明,该系统具有灵活性好、构造成本低、功能丰富、容易使用等优点,在教学中取得了较好的效果。     

微信平台在职业体育俱乐部品牌传播中的应用研究 ——以CBA东莞新世纪俱乐部微信公众号为例

微信平台为职业体育俱乐部搭建了一个"内容为王、个性有趣、互动沟通、增值盈利"的品牌传播平台.文章运用实证调查、文献分析等方法,以CBA东莞新世纪篮球俱乐部公众微信号为例,对其使用现状、现存问题以及优化对策进行了全面研究,提出了搭建服务平台、提高服务质量来优化传播的策略.     

The majority influence on interminority attitudes: The secondary transfer effect of positive and negative contact

Among minority members, positive contact with the majority was previously found to improve not only the attitudes toward the majority but also the attitudes toward minority outgroups (the secondary transfer effect; STE). However, the roles of negative intergroup contact and minority groups’ social status in the STE have not been yet examined. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between both positive and negative contact with the national majority group (Finns) and mutual attitudes among high-status Estonian (n = 171) and low-status Russian (n = 180) immigrants in Finland. Two mediators of the STE were tested: attitudes toward the majority (attitude generalization) and public collective self-esteem (diagonal hostility). While positive and negative STEs emerging via attitude generalization were expected to occur among both immigrant groups, the mediating effect of public collective self-esteem was assumed only for members of the low-status group. In both immigrant groups, the relationship between positive contact with the majority group and attitudes toward the other immigrant group was positive and indirect through more favorable attitudes toward majority group members. The same mechanism characterized negative contact, where the indirect effect was mediated by less positive attitudes toward Finns. As predicted, public collective self-esteem mediated the effects of positive and negative contact with majority group members on attitudes toward the other minority only among low-status Russian immigrants. The results call for the acknowledgement of different mechanisms explaining the STE among minority groups enjoying different social statuses in host society.     

安徽省高校公体课新兴体育项目开发现状与对策研究

通过文献资料法、调查法、数据统计法,对安徽省高校公体课新兴体育项目开发现状进行分析研究,为研究安徽省高校新兴体育项目开发提供依据和参考。     

高校学生参与体育锻炼与身心健康关系评价影响的研究

通过对大学生的调查分析,得知体育锻炼参与欲望及程度对男大学生的身体健康自我评价有着正向的积极影响,对女大学生的作用则没有得到统计学上的证明。指出女大学生在大学校园体育锻炼的关注重点,高校体育要注重满足女大学生的体育需要。     

Negotiating women’s social space: public debates on gender in early modern Kerala,India*

Abstract

The paper argues that the formation of modern gender identities in early‐twentieth‐century Kerala was deeply implicated in the project of shaping governable subjects who were, at one and the same time ‘free’ and already inserted into modern institutions. Because gender appeared both natural and social, both individualising and general, it seemed to be a superior form of social ordering compared to the pre‐existing order of caste. The actualisation of a superior society ordered by gender was seen to be dependent upon the shaping of the fully‐fledged individuals with strong internalities and well‐developed gendered capacities that would place them in distinct social domains of the public and domestic, as ‘free’ individuals, who, however, were bound together in a complementary relationship. While this model still remains dominant in Kerala, by the 1930s, the public/domestic divide came to be blurred with the rapid spread of disciplinary institutions. Womanhood came to be associated not with a certain domain but with a certain form of power. This legitimated the entry of Malayalee women into public life, undergirded the much‐discussed ‘Kerala Model’ of development, and still holds up the highly ambiguous sort of ‘liberation’ elite Malayalee women have experienced. It has also strongly influenced the specific shape the resistance to patriarchy has taken in Kerala in the twentieth century.