(1) Recent developments

Abstract

This paper identifies the different types of health science libraries located in various organizations engaged in research, education and training, administration and programme implementation relating to health and family welfare. These medical libraries have been grouped into four categories namely research, academic, medical and hospital, based on the functions of the organization/institution to which they are attached. Based on an all India survey, the resources, such as documents, manpower, finances and equipment of 248 health science libraries belonging to the allopathy system (modern medicine) have been examined. Basic library services, such as reference, current awareness, bibliography, MEDLARS/MEDLINE, abstracting/indexing, and photocopying have been studied. The information collected on various indices relating to medical library resources have been analysed and presented, indicating their strengths and weaknesses. The survey indicated a significant imbalance among the resources held and services rendered. Some measures for the improvement of the existing resources, services and their utilization have been suggested.     

Utility and Reliability of an App for the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (iSOPARC®)

The app for the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (iSOPARC®) was developed to enhance System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities data collection and management. The study aim was to examine the usability and inter-rater reliability of iSOPARC®. Trained observers collected data in 16 park areas in two Latin America cities (Curitiba, Brazil; Bogotá, Colombia) using both the original System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (mechanical counter) and new iSOPARC® (electronic counter) methods. A total of 8,707 park users (3,958 females and 4,749 males) were observed. Reliabilities among observers were determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient and relative overall agreement (%) in three ways: (a) mechanical versus mechanical, (b) mechanical versus electronic, and (c) electronic versus electronic. When both used mechanical counters comparisons overall agreement was over 78% (intraclass correlation coefficient = .982; p < .001) for variables in all analysis. When one used a mechanical counter and the other used electronic (iSOPARC®) comparisons overall agreement was higher for age (84%; p < .001) than for physical activity (83%; p < .001) variables and average intraclass correlation coefficient was .965. Using both used iSOPARC® comparisons overall agreement was 81% to physical activity and 83% to age group. Results suggest iSOPARC® can be used reliably for examining variables previously validated in System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities.     

鄂西休闲体育旅游市场的优势分析及开发策略--以宜昌市为例

随着改革开放不断的深入,中部崛起政策的进一步贯彻实施,鄂西地区的经济发生了天翻地覆的变化,人们的旅游消费观念已由自然观光、山水旅游开始向健身、娱乐、休闲旅游等方面转变。若能将经济与旅游两者有机地结合起来并充分地开发和利用,对鄂西的经济发展和全民健身计划的顺利实施具有重要的推动作用。分析了宜昌市休闲体育旅游资源的优势,提出以政府牵头,建设区域性休闲体育旅游中心城市为发展战略;大力发展户外运动与休闲体育旅游;挖掘民族传统文化特色;加大资金投入与出台相关扶持政策。     

The impact of on-site educational outreach on recreational users’ perceptions of aquatic invasive species and their management

Aquatic invasive species (AIS) present a great challenge to ecosystems around the globe, and controlling AIS becomes increasingly difficult when the potential vectors are related to recreational activities. An approach combining education and outreach efforts to control AIS may be the best course of action. A survey was designed to measure public perceptions, knowledge of, and attitudes towards AIS, as well as public support for various management actions. Surveys were administered during the summer of 2013 at two boat launches where one launch had active outreach the previous summer and one that did not. A total of 400 surveys were completed with a response rate of 89%. There was support for most proposed management options, and respondents understood the urgency of managing AIS. There was a difference between the launches in how people responded, highlighting that educational programming may need to be tailored for specific recreational uses and recreational settings.     

湖北省医学院校女生余暇体育现状分析

在当前以素质教育为核心的学校教育中,余暇体育成为体育课程教学的延伸势在必行。对当前医学院校女生余暇体育的现状和存在的问题,进行了调查研究分析,并提出相应的改进和解决办法。     

嵩山世界地质公园游憩机会图谱研究

ROS(Recreation Opportunity Spectrum)作为一种全新的规划分区理论,被广泛应用于森林、河流等游憩资源规划分区管理中,取得了良好的效果,但应用于地质公园研究中鲜有报道。本文在简要综述ROS理论的基础上,结合嵩山世界地质公园当前的管理体制和开发利用现状及其游客的游憩需求特征,将ROS理论应用到嵩山世界地质公园中,筛选出"自然程度"、"社会感知"、"管理强度"3个评价指标,分析提出了嵩山世界地质公园游憩机会图谱,将其划分为原野保护区、半原野区、乡村区、半现代区4个游憩机会等级,并绘制嵩山世界地质公园游憩机会图谱谱系图。以期为嵩山世界地质公园的新一轮规划与管理提供参考,为ROS理论应用于地质公园研究提供借鉴。     

博物馆休闲功能实现的路径探讨

休闲时代的到来,人们的休闲需求不断增加,这对博物馆的发展也提出了新的机遇和挑战.博物馆已成为人们活动的一个重要场所,但是,由于博物馆受传统功能局限,休闲功能不足.如何开发博物馆的休闲功能,实现可持续发展是其未来发展的重要方向之一.通过分析博物馆功能的演变及其休闲功能的意义,提出了博物馆如何实现休闲功能的构想.     

都市休闲农业中农地的非市场价值估算

都市休闲农业将传统农业与旅游业结合,利用农田景观、自然生态及环境资源,融合农业生产、农村文化及农家生活等人文景观,为人们提供休闲、娱乐、游憩和文化教育等多重功能。文章以武汉市和平农庄为例,应用旅游成本法（TCM）和条件价值评估法（CVM）估算该农庄农地的非市场价值。在对农庄及247位受访游客随机抽样调查获取数据的基础上,研究表明：①和平农庄2006年总的消费者剩余（Total consumer surplus, TCS）在1591.36×10⁴元,游客消费者剩余（Consumer Surplus, CS）530.45元/人,约为旅游平均费用的2.6倍,休闲农庄农地景观年均游憩价值397845元/hm²;②从游客的支付意愿(willingness to pay, WTP)出发,和平农庄农地景观每年保护的补偿价值(compensation variation, CV)达153.14×10⁴元,农地年均存在价值38 285.1元/hm²;③相对传统农业而言,休闲农业产生的直接经济效益显著,单位土地经济产值是传统种植业产值(4628.10元/hm²)的5.4倍,然而其目前无法通过市场配置实现的非市场价值则更加显著,单位游憩价值和保存价值分别是传统种植业收益的85.96倍和8.27倍;④保护型农地提供的环境舒适、景观等非市场价值远远高于其传统的经济产出价值,然而其在现行的资源价值核算体系中却往往被遗漏,意味着在土地分配决策与消费实践中,如果只单纯考虑经济产出,土地用途转换过程中会造成大量的福利损失。     

我国体育事业均衡发展的探析

剖析体育的结构组成，对体育强国的概念进行重新认识，分析了我国体育事业发展中，竞技体育超前发展，一枝独秀的不均衡发展状况，指出在建设体育强国的道路上，还有许多路走，并就国民的体质和健康水平；提高群众体育普及的程度；加快体育教育的发展程度；体育科研的成就和水平；体育人才的数量和质量；继续保持竞技运动技术水平和最好成绩；加快体育法制建设；建设各种体育设施等8方面作具体论述。     

现代审美精神的张扬与新的文体意识的崛起——"第四代"报告文学作家创作论

“第四代”报告文学作家大都是生于新中国,长于十年动乱,经历过思想解放和体制改革等社会剧变。他们打破了一元化的政治观念和单向度的思维习惯,力求从不同的视角去探照人与社会深层之间的复杂关系,反思其中的历史根源、现实本质及其多重意义。他们以更富有现代意义和创造精神的探索与实践,推进了报告文学的文体嬗变与发展,在强大的叙事张力中,实现其蕴涵深刻的思情价值,并呈现出学理化特征,形成独特的文体风格。