The Communication Anxiety Regulation Scale: Development and Initial Validation

A series of studies present the development and validation of the Communication Anxiety Regulation Scale (CARS), a self-report measure designed to assess the use of emotion regulation strategies to manage acute communication anxiety—in contrast to measures of general emotion regulation tendencies. Study 1 delineates the item derivation and selection process that yielded the final 12 CARS items. Results of an exploratory factor analysis supported the existence of four distinct subscales, each representing one of four anxiety regulation strategies (suppression, reappraisal, avoidance, and venting). Study 2 confirmed this factor structure and also examined correlations of the CARS with existing measures in an attempt to establish concurrent validity. Finally, Study 3 presents results of an item-sort task demonstrating the scale’s face validity and items’ substantive validity. Overall, findings provide preliminary support for the utility of the CARS as measure of communication anxiety regulation to be used by communication and psychology researchers.     

新疆民贸巴扎发展现状及对策

本文以全疆各地规模不等的民贸巴扎为研究对象,从巴扎的规模与分布情况入手,就民贸巴扎所涉及的物流、人流、资金流进行了较深入的探讨和研究,认为必须按市场经济规律的要求发展民贸巴扎,并提出了完善民贸巴扎发展模式的对策建议。     

Simulation study on fluctuant flow stress scale effect

INTRODUCTION With the continuous development of science and technology, especially the rapid progress of electronic industry and micromachine, microparts are needed more and more, and their technical requirements are higher and higher (Geiger et al., 1994; 1996; Geiger and Engel, 2002). However, traditional processing technologies, like cutting, etc., do not meet these requirements. Traditional plastic forming technology has merits like high production rate, excellent me-chanical proper…     

体育科研中自编量表的内在信度、结构效度量化分析

以体育科研中的自编量表为例子，系统展示了自编量表的内在信度、结构效度的统计检验方法，结果表明：对于调查研究中李克特量表的效度、信度，可用项目分析和相关分析检验量表中各题项的鉴别力和内容效度；可用因子分析检验量表的结构效度；可用克郎巴哈α系数（Cronbachα）来检验量表总体内在信度和各因子层面的内在信度。     

评价运动员的智力及智力测验问题

综述国内关于运动员智力研究的现状，从心理测量学的角度评价了运动员智力测验中困惑的几个问题：(1)运动员的智商在中等或中等以上；(2)优秀运动员智商与一般运动员及理科学生智商无显性差异；(3)运动员的智商与训练年限不是简单的相关问题。分析了运动智力与一般智力的差异及智力测验的有效性问题。     

Assessing cultural values: developing an attitudinal scale

Effective measurement of cultural value is often elusive because of its multidimensional nature. It is also influenced by sociodemographic characteristics (manifest variables) and attitudinal characteristics (latent variables) of populations. While the former is easily available to researchers, the latter has not been fully studied. This paper suggests the use of a cultural worldview scale that was developed to measure cultural attitudes of people, using factor and cluster analysis. Four factors comprise the scale: cultural linkages, recognition of cultural values, cultural loss and preservation of traditions and customs. Some advantages of using this scale are demonstrated, and relationships with sociodemographic variables are investigated. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.

全国体育专业院校田径教练员领导行为的研究

运用LSS量表,对我国体育专业院校田径教练员领导行为进行调查研究,发现:LSS量表具有较高信、效度,适合在中国使用;教练员在社会指导、民主、社会支持和奖励行为上自我估计过高;运动员各特征及其一些水平上,运动员喜欢的和教练员实际的领导行为各维度上都存在显著性差异,说明不同特征的运动员对教练员不同领导行为维度上存在不满意的情况,为教练员改进提高其管理水平提供了理论依据,对我国体育专业院校田径教练员培养优秀的教练员和运动员及促进体育专业院校田径专业的健康发展都有着重要意义。     

Assessing attitudes towards mutual acculturation in multicultural schools: Conceptualisation and validation of a four-dimensional mutual acculturation attitudes scale

Assessment of acculturation attitudes usually has focused on the importance of two dimensions: first, immigrants’ maintenance of cultural heritage and, second, immigrants’ adoption of the majority culture. Because acculturation is a reciprocal interaction, we extended a bidimensional scale to four dimensions to assess mutual acculturation. Given the importance of the social context for acculturation and schools as a crucial context for immigrant pupils’ acculturation, the scale extension was validated within the context of school. We hypothesised that acculturation attitudes are held not only towards immigrant pupils but also towards native pupils and towards schools’ responsibility to support intercultural contact. The study sample comprised 364 secondary school pupils in Swiss multicultural schools. Using exploratory structural equation modelling, we validated four distinct dimensions of acculturation attitudes: attitudes towards immigrant pupils’ (a) heritage culture maintenance and (b) adoption of the dominant culture and attitudes towards (c) native pupils acquiring cultural knowledge and (d) schools enabling intercultural contact. We conclude that the proposed four-dimensional scale is a valid tool for assessing attitudes towards mutual acculturation within the school context and that acculturation attitudes are held not only towards immigrant pupils but also towards native pupils and schools.     

Assessing perceptions of resources and inclusive teaching practices: A cross-country study between German and Saudi students in inclusive schools

The present paper examines the measurement invariance of the adjusted version of the Perception of Resources Questionnaire (PRQ) by Goldan & Schwab (2018; 2019). A cross-country comparison between students from Germany (N = 885) and Saudi Arabia (N = 888) is conducted that examines invariance not only across countries but also across gender. Results confirm the two-factorial structure of the scale (“personnel resources” and “material and spatial resources”). Configural and partial metric invariance was also established across both groups. Furthermore, an ANCOVA was used to show that perceptions of resources and perceptions of inclusive teaching practices are positively interrelated. This finding can be interpreted as an indicator for criterion validity of the PRQ. As expected, German students perceive a significantly higher level of resources than their peers in Saudi Arabia. Finally, the importance of adequate provision for the successful implementation of inclusive education and its assessment is discussed.     

Using social stories to decrease aggression and increase positive peer interactions in normally developing pre‐school children

Social stories have been widely used for children with autism and developmental delays; however, little research has been conducted that examines their effectiveness with pre‐school children who have no developmental delays. The present study investigated this previously undocumented use of social stories. Social stories were used to decrease aggression and improve positive peer relations in a Head Start pre‐school setting. Participants included three four‐year‐old pre‐school students. A single‐subject, ABC multiple baseline design with counterbalanced treatment order was implemented where social stories were compared to a neutral book. Direct observations and pre‐ and post‐Behaviour Assessment System for Children‐2 (BASC‐2) Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) scores were examined. Results revealed some support for the usefulness of social stories in this setting and with this population. Limitations of the study are discussed and directions for future research are provided.