Integrating Technology in Physical Education Teacher Education: A Socialization Perspective

ABSTRACT

Physical education teacher education (PETE) programs are encouraged to develop teachers capable of delivering technology integrated learning experiences. Technological pedagogical content knowledge provides a framework for integrating technology into teacher education programs. Occupational socialization theory describes an educator’s recruitment, training, and socialization in the teaching profession. The purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual framework for helping preservice physical educators develop technological pedagogical content knowledge that is grounded in occupational socialization theory. We specifically recommend a four-phase approach to help preservice teachers (a) build their knowledge and learn to value technology in physical education, (b) observe and explore through instructor modeling and integration, (c) experiment and collaborate with mentoring and scaffolding, and (d) discover through innovation and utilization. These suggestions acknowledge the sociopolitical aspects of learning to teach with technology and implications are discussed along with the need to help preservice teachers transfer technology integration into their professional careers.     

国外教师TPACK发展路径及启示

必备整合技术学科教学法知识（TPACK）对21世纪的教师来讲是一个要求也是一个宣言。教师TPACK的培养和发展成为教师专业化发展的重要组成部分。如何培养和发展教师的TPACK成为教师教育者、教师不得不去面临的问题。国外对TPACK发展进行了众多研究并产生了丰富的研究成果。梳理国外TPACK的发展方法、路径和具体策略,给我国教师TPACK发展提供几点启示和借鉴,TPACK发展要体现情境性、持续性、社会性、设计性、生成性、系统性等需求。     

Technological pedagogical content knowledge in teacher education: in search of a new curriculum

The aim of this study was to explore the ways in which teacher education institutions (TEI) prepare pre-service teachers for integrating information and communication technology (ICT) in their classroom practise. Specifically, a multiple case study was conducted to examine the ways in which the development of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) was promoted in the existing curriculum of three TEI in Flanders. In the three cases, data were drawn from semi-structured interviews with the heads of the department and the ICT coordinators. Focus group discussions collected the perspectives of pre-service teachers and teacher educators. The results indicate that (1) the three institutions are moving from ICT as a ‘stand-alone’ course towards embedding ICT across the curriculum and (2) three approaches were adopted for developing pre-service teachers’ TPACK, each representing different ways of understanding the place of ICT in the curriculum. The discussion will focus on the challenges and opportunities inherent in understanding how to develop pre-service teachers’ TPACK in the curriculum of TEI.     

基于TPACK理论框架下探究中学物理的教与学

TPACK理论是信息技术与学科教学整合的知识体系,是信息技术支持下的教与学教学方法更新和改革新途径。本文基于TPACK理论框架下从整合技术、信息技术、教学内容、教学方法几个方面对中学物理的教与学进行探究,以实际教学案例给出了两者有效结合的方法,为中学物理课堂教学改革提供参考和借鉴。     

基于九因子模型的新手教师TPACK知识结构分析

教师所具有的TPACK知识反映其胜任课堂信息化教学的程度。先前关于TPACK的研究多是基于传统七因子模型,且已有研究表明,TPACK与教师的教学年限、教育信念、设计意向相关。在传统TPACK七因子模型基础上,加入建构主义教学信念和教师设计创新素质两个积极因素形成的TPACK九因子结构假设模型,经数据验证后表明:该模型适用于职业生涯初期阶段的新手教师;新手教师TPACK知识处于较低水平,与职前教师不存在显著差异,且受到其他因素的影响;新手教师建构主义信念和设计创新素质均对其TPACK知识的发展具有预测作用,该作用效果与普通在职教师一致;但新手教师PCK知识显著优于职前教师,且新手教师PCK对TPACK的发展存在负向预测关系,而职前教师和普通在职教师的PCK对TPACK不存在显著预测关系。新手教师可以通过强化PK、TPK和TCK的知识变化来促进TPACK的发展。     

整合技术的卓越教师知识能力结构研究

百年大计,教育为本;教育大计,教师为本。中共中央国务院发布的《关于全面深化新时代教师队伍建设改革的意见》中要求到2035年,要全方位的提升教师的综合素质和专业化水平,打造培养数以十万计的卓越教师。该文在学科教学知识(PCK)、整合技术的学科教学知识(TPACK)和NBPTS的卓越教师知识能力标准的基础上,提出了包含学科视野、通识性知识,学科内容知识、课程知识、教学中的技术知识、教学法知识、反思与职业规划和管理和沟通八个维度的整合技术的卓越教师知识能力结构,并通过大样本量的调查和数据分析验证其合理性及各维度相互关系,提出了建立教师教学反思长效机制、建立教师教育教学实践共同体和培养教师终身学习习惯和意识的卓越教师培养策略。     

少数民族师范生整合技术的学科教学知识(TPACK)调查研究

多民族是我国基本国情,利用信息技术发展民族教育是实现教育公平的重要措施,更是国家教育信息化战略的重要部署。民族教育现代化的发展关键在于提升少数民族教师队伍,特别是少数民族师范生整合技术的学科教学知识(TPACK)水平。研究以1050名南方少数民族师范生为研究对象,采用问卷调查法,辅之以访谈法,展开了针对少数民族师范生TPACK水平的调查与研究。通过描述统计分析,阐明了少数民族师范生TPACK水平的差异;通过多元回归分析,探讨了TPACK水平发展的影响因素以及相互关系。结果表明:(1)少数民族师范生TPACK知识总体水平偏低,专业学科知识有待加强;(2)少数民族师范生倾向于重视学科知识,对教学法的重要性认识不足,对信息素养缺乏信心;(3)少数民族师范生TPACK水平受到民族地区教育境脉、生源基础、课程体系等因素的影响。最后,从构建合理的少数民族师范生TPACK课程体系、改革少数民族师范生TPACK教学模式以及完善少数民族师范生TPACK发展辅助支撑系统等方面,发掘提升少数民族师范生TPACK水平的途径与策略。     

基于TPACK理论的学科教育技术课程研究及启示——以英属哥伦比亚大学“运用技术教数学与科学”课程为例

学科教育技术课程是培养教师实施信息技术与学科教学深度融合能力的重要载体.为了探讨如何建设深入学科的教育技术课程,采用内容分析和深度访谈等方法研究了英属哥伦比亚大学的一门在线教育硕士项目课程--"运用技术教数学与科学".研究发现:该课程以TPACK理论和有意使用技术的教学思维框架为指导,其课程特色是以融合为导向,以问题为纽带,以探究为核心,以作品为中心,以协作为形式.这充分体现了整合性STEM教育的5个关键特征:STEM多学科融合,基于问题的学习,基于探究的学习,基于设计的学习,基于协作的学习.研究启示:(1)以学科教育技术为依托培养教师的信息化教学能力;(2)以学科交叉融合为导向培养教师的跨学科教学能力;(3)以信息技术支持的跨学科教育为切入点培养社会需要的创新型人才.     

Prompting teachers’ reflection of their professional knowledge. A proof-of-concept study of the Graphic Assessment of TPACK Instrument

Many educational technology proponents support the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model as a way to conceptualize teaching with technology, but recent TPACK research shows a need for empirical studies regarding the development of this knowledge. This proof-of-concept study applies mixed-methods to investigate the meta-cognitive awareness produced by teachers who participate in the Graphic Assessment of TPACK Instrument (GATI). This process involves creating graphical representations (circles of differing sizes and the degree of their overlap) that represent what teachers understand to be their current and aspired TPACK. This study documented teachers’ explanations during a think-aloud procedure as they created their GATI figures. The in-depth data from two German teachers who participated in the process captured the details of their experience and demonstrated the potential of the GATI to support teachers in reflecting about their professional knowledge and in determining their own professional development activities. These findings will be informative to future pilot studies involving the larger design of the GATI process, to better understand the role of teachers’ meta-conceptual awareness, and to better ascertain how the GATI might be used to support professional development on a larger scale.     

Using Technology to Enhance Pedagogies in Rural Geography Primary Classroom in the Twenty-First Century

The purpose of this research was to explore how two rural primary teachers used technology to enhance their pedagogical and content knowledge of Geography in their everyday teaching and learning. Hence the theory of Koehler and Mishra’s Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framed this research. Although the Intermediate Phase curriculum provides a general education experience, teachers need to adopt teaching strategies that deliver Geographical knowledge, skills and values which enable learners to function effectively and responsibly. A qualitative research design was employed for this study using interviews and observations. Two teachers were purposively selected for this study. The findings indicate that the two teachers used technology, to varying extents, to enhance their pedagogy.