"两个不能否定"的理论依据、历史镜鉴及现实意义

对于如何正确看待改革开放前后两个历史时期的关系,习近平总书记提出了"两个不能否定",并清晰阐明了两个历史时期的本质特征和历史定位,认为它们都是中国共产党领导人民进行社会主义建设的实践探索。对"两个不能否定"予以深入条析,不难发现其具有理论、历史和实践上的合理性及重要现实意义。从中国传统文化、马克思主义理论和中国共产党人的理论创新中,可以寻得"两个不能否定"的理论依据;从中国近代救亡图存史、苏共发展史和中共奋斗史的历史经验和教训中,可以获得"两个不能否定"的历史镜鉴;而且,"两个不能否定"作为促进中国特色社会主义建设实践的重要遵循,对于正确认识党的历史进而坚定历史自信至关重要,同时也对继续全面深化改革和全面建设社会主义现代化国家具有重要现实意义。     

Providing external feedback and prompting the generation of internal feedback fosters achievement,strategies and motivation in concept learning

The Interactive Two Feedback Loops Model (Narciss, 2008, 2013) suggests that not only providing external feedback but also prompting students to generate internal feedback may influence learning and motivation. This study aims at investigating the effects of internal and external feedback on achievement, strategy, and motivation in concept learning. Using a 2 × 3 experimental design with 121 teacher students we investigated the effects of combining internal feedback (i.e. self-explaining why a task solution is correct or incorrect) with three types of external feedback (no feedback; knowledge of result (KR); KR + knowledge about mistakes (KM)). Combining internal and external types of feedback was more beneficial for concept learning achievement, strategy use, as well as students’ intrinsic motivation, and perceived competence, than providing either internal or external feedback. Most notably, if students are asked to generate internal feedback in terms of self-explaining their responses, simple external KR feedback is as beneficial as elaborated KM-feedback.     

“点将配兵”与重大突破：重大战略科技领域创新要素的配置模式

人才、项目、资源是国家重大战略领域创新的必要要素,各类要素的有效配置是科技政策实践和研究的重要问题。回顾我国"两弹一星"等重大科技工程的组织和研制过程可以发现,在科技领军人才遴选、科技队伍组织和资源条件保障等方面,事实上形成了"点将配兵"的创新要素配置模式。文章提出,"点将配兵"模式是科技举国体制的重要组成部分。在新时代我国科技创新实践中形成的"揭榜挂帅""赛马"等配置模式之外,面向国家重大战略的科技创新项目应引入"点将配兵"模式。