中学生体育训练常见损伤的原因及预防探析

中学生体育训练经常出现各种运动损伤,运动损伤将会给中学生的学习和生活带来负面影响。采用文献资料调研法,访谈法对中学生体育训练常见的运动损伤情况,及其产生的原因进行了分析,并就如何预防运动损伤提出了一些建议和预防要注意的原则。     

Dynamical analysis of winter terrain park jumps

Jump features in winter terrain parks frequently pose a hazard to patrons and may represent a significant liability risk to winter resorts. By performing a simple dynamic analysis of terrain park jumps, the relative risk to impact injuries for any proposed jump design can be quantified thereby allowing terrain park designers to minimize the risk from this class of injury.     

湖北省高校高水平篮球运动员运动损伤的现状与预防对策分析

对湖北省高校高水平篮球运动员进行运动损伤调查。结果表明运动损伤发病率男生为98.57%;女生为57.45%,其损伤特点男生多是急性伤,女生多是慢性劳损伤,损伤呈多发性。运动损伤得原因最多的依次为准备不充分、疲劳、负荷过大、思想麻痹等方面。运动损伤的部位和性质主要为足/踝、膝、手/腕和擦伤、挫伤、骨折等。建议：加强对运动员进行竞赛规则教育、体育道德和自我保护意识培养,加强技术训练和力量练习以及科学的训练方法和医疗监督。     

冲击波疗法在运动医学中的应用进展

体外冲击波疗法已广泛应用于临床泌尿外科和骨科,成为治疗泌尿系结石和骨骼肌肉系统疾病的常规治疗方法。旨在总结冲击波疗法在运动损伤治疗中的应用及研究进展,以期促进冲击波疗法在运动医学中的应用。     

武术套路运动员训练损伤的研究与分析

自2003年武术套路新规则实施后,随着运动员竞技水平及难度的提高,运动损伤越来越得到重视。文章运用实地调查法、文献资料法、数据统计法等研究方法,从运动生理学、运动医学、运动损伤等角度对在武术套路训练中运动损伤、致损伤发生原因进行分析、研究。结果认为:武术套路训练要遵循运动生理、运动医学的规律,运用合理的训练方法和手段并遵循武术运动的规律、特点,正确引导运动员进行训练、避免因训练方法不当、内容安排不合理而造成的损伤,并提出合理的训练方法和建议。     

构建我国学校体育保险机制的研究

随着学校体育运动的蓬勃开展,在体育教学、训练和比赛中出现的运动伤害事故逐渐增多,由此引发的学生、家长与学校之间关于运动伤害事故纠纷的案件频频出现.加强对我国学校体育保险机制的研究与探讨,能够有效地迎合我国学校体育活动的开展.建立我国学校体育保险机制,对解决学生在运动过程中出现伤害事故后带来的诸多问题,消除学生在运动过程中的后顾之忧,具有重要的意义和作用.     

Is there really an eccentric action of the hamstrings during the swing phase of high-speed running? part I: A critical review of the literature

It is widely assumed that there is an eccentric hamstring muscle fibre action during the swing phase of high-speed running. However, animal and modelling studies in humans show that the increasing distance between musculotendinous attachment points during forward swing is primarily due to passive lengthening associated with the take-up of muscle slack. Later in the swing phase, the contractile element (CE) maintains a near isometric action while the series elastic (tendinous) element first stretches as the knee extends, and then recoils causing the swing leg to forcefully retract prior to ground contact. Although modelling studies showed some active lengthening of the contractile (muscular) element during the mid-swing phase of high-speed running, we argue that the increasing distance between the attachment points should not be interpreted as an eccentric action of the CE due to the effects of muscle slack. Therefore, there may actually be no significant eccentric, but rather predominantly an isometric action of the hamstrings CE during the swing phase of high-speed running when the attachment points of the hamstrings are moving apart. Based on this, we propose that isometric rather than eccentric exercises are a more specific way of conditioning the hamstrings for high-speed running.     

试论竞技体育中故意伤害行为的刑法考量

采用文献研究结合逻辑分析的方法,从竞技体育行业特殊性及其刑法规制争议性出发,结合国内外相关案例,通过对刑法规制的损益分析,从支持刑法规制的角度,提出了认定竞技体育故意伤害行为是否触犯刑法的具体判断标准及步骤,即应当严格遵循“客观不法+主观有责”两步判断法,在主客观重合的范围内判断该行为是否构成犯罪,必要时考虑该行为损害的法益是否受刑法保护,从而更好地进行个案平衡。     

Compelling overuse injury incidence in youth multisport athletes

The present investigation was carried out to examine the incidence and pattern of injuries in adolescent multisport athletes from youth sports academy. Injury data were prospectively collected from 166 athletes during the seasons from 2009 to 2014. A total of 643 injuries were identified, 559 (87.0%) were time-loss injuries. The overall injury incidence was 5.5 (95% confidence interval CI: 5.1–6.0), the incidence of time-loss injuries was 4.8 (95% CI: 4.4–5.2), the incidence of growth conditions was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) and incidence of serious injuries was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.8) per 1000?h of exposure. The prevalence of overuse injuries was 50.3%. Growth conditions represented 20.0%. Most of the injuries (67.0%) involved the lower extremities, and both foot and ankle were the most predominant injured body parts (22.0%). Knee injuries were mostly from overuse (50 vs. 23, p?=?.02), whereas foot and ankle injuries resulted from an acute mechanism (94 vs. 31, p?<?.0001). Minor and moderate injuries accounted for 87.0%. Muscle, tendon and osteochondrosis injuries accounted for 52.0% of all injuries. Comparing groups, squash sport was having the highest injury incidence (8.5 injuries per athlete). Higher exposure was associated with greater overuse relative risk (RR?=?1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.014, p?<?.001). In conclusion, the results of this study identified a high incidence of injuries in this youth sports population. Striking was the prevalence of overuse injuries of 50%, which suggests the need for injury prevention protocols for adolescent highly trained athletes.     

Acute fatigue negatively affects risk factors for injury in trained but not well-trained habitually shod runners when running barefoot

Introduction: Many factors may contribute to running-related injury. These include fatigue and footwear, the combination of which has rarely been studied, in particular with reference to barefoot running, recently advocated as a method to reduce injury risk. Methods: Twenty-two runners (12 well-trained and 10 trained) participated in a 10?km fatiguing trial. Knee and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics and electromyography were assessed during overground running in the barefoot and shod condition. This was performed pre- and post-fatigue using a motion capture system and force platforms. Results: Initial loading rate increased in the trained runners when barefoot but not shod. Shod knee stiffness increased in both groups after fatigue, whereas barefoot knee stiffness decreased only in the trained group. A reduction in barefoot bicep femoris pre-activation was found in both groups. During stance, a reduction in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris and an increase in tibialis anterior activity were found over time in both groups and conditions. Trained runners decreased gluteus medius and increased lateral gastrocnemius median frequency for both conditions after fatigue. Conclusion: When fatigued, gait adjustments in habitually shod runners may increase injury risk when running barefoot. Training status may be a risk factor for injury, as less-trained runners experience muscular fatigue changes that may compromise ground reaction force attenuation. Caution is recommended when transitioning to pure barefoot running.