高校学生体育伤害事故现状及预防对策研究

由于体育运动的激烈性、对抗性特征,高校学生体育伤害事故无可避免地存在着,成为高校体育运动开展及体育课教学的重要困扰因素。本文通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法对当前高校学生体育伤害事故现状进行剖析并提出相应改善对策。     

我国优秀射箭运动员损伤及康复研究

运用观察法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对我国大部分省(市)一线射箭运动员的损伤规律进行研究。研究认为,我国优秀射箭运动员受伤率为73.3%,男、女差异均比较显著,女比男高;专项提高、最佳竞技状态阶段较高;准备期损伤率较高;运动级别、比赛名次与受伤率无显著差异;受伤部位以肩部、腰部、颈部为主。随着训练年限的延长,运动级别、比赛名次提高,肩部损伤递减,腰部损伤增加;男性以肩部损伤常见,女性腰部损伤较多;损伤性质多为慢性损伤;受伤原因依次为:缺乏准备活动、恢复不好、参加其他活动、保护意识差、局部负荷过大、厌倦训练、老伤、体能训练少、教练员水平不高、加练;运动员在伤后采取的措施,全程各训练阶段具有显著的差异。在此基础上,提出康复训练手段与措施。     

湖北省高校高水平武术运动员运动损伤的现状分析及预防对策研究

高校高水平武术运动员在训练过程中容易造成运动损伤,通过采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、随机访谈法、数理统计法和逻辑推理法,对湖北省高校高水平武术运动员的运动损伤状况进行了调查研究,找出湖北省高校高水平武术运动员运动损伤发生的原因,指出容易造成运动损伤的动作及部位,并在此基础上提出相应的预防运动损伤的对策和建议。     

少年武术运动员运动损伤原因及分析

预防运动损伤是搞好运动训练的根本。本文通过文献研究,对少年武术运动员的运动损伤原因进行分析,为少年武术运动训练提供理论参考。     

湖南人文科技学院体育专业学生运动损伤的调查与分析

运用问卷调查、数理统计、逻辑分析等研究方法，对湖南人科技学院体育专业学生运动损伤的现状进行调查与分析。结果表明：损伤发生的场合以运动训练和课外活动为主；损伤发生项目以篮球为最多；损伤部位以踝部损伤占首位；损伤种类主要为关节、韧带扭伤，肌肉拉伤和擦伤；损伤发生的主要原因为准备活动不充分。由此建议：应让学生认识到体育保健的重要性；体育工作应解决好在训练、教学、组织和指导方面可能存在的问题；加强医务监督和采取有效的医疗措施。     

普通高校足球运动损伤调查及防治对策的研究

运用问卷调查,数理统计等方法,对普通高校非体育专业的200名学生进行了足球运动损伤及防治对策的调查研究。结果表明：没做准备活动,准备活动缺乏针对性,技术上的错误和运动装备不当是造成普通大学生足球运动损伤的主要原因。很多学生因损伤后没有得到及时的处理和治疗影响了以后的足球运动。本文将对以上问题提出相应的措施,以减少运动损伤的发生。     

少儿女子体操运动员损伤及科学化训练的思考

对我国少年儿童体操运动员损伤的情况进行了调查。并与少年女子体操队员和现役与退役的国家女子体操队队员的损伤情况进行了比较，对提高我国女子体操运动员训练的科学化水平进行了思考，提出了建设性的建议。     

体育专业学生篮球运动损伤的调查分析与对策

对近两年来宜宾学院体育教育专业学生篮球运动损伤的基本状况、损伤时段、损伤季节特征、损伤种类、损伤原因等多方面进行调查,并对调查数据进行初步分析与探讨。揭示了体育专业学生在篮球运动中发生损伤的一般规律,并对正确安全开展篮球运动提出了一些相应对策。     

Skiing accidents in the past 15 years

For the last 15 years a statistical analysis of distances skied and of alpine skiing accidents has been performed in the Davos‐Klosters skiing area, a ‘closed’ skiing area, where every skier has to return from the top to the bottom station. Distance skied is measured by vertical drop in 10⁶ km determined by calculations from frequency surveys by lift‐operators. About 2.5 million km per season have been skied during the past years, a number remaining constant for the last 15 years. In the same time the requirement for rescue‐transports in this area has shown a decline of 46% to 288 transports per season due to a decrease of the number of injuries with initial immobilization. Therefore the so‐called transport‐quotient (one rescue‐transport per 10⁴ km of vertical drop skied) has decreased from its initial value of 4 to 1 per 10⁴ km. During the same time all winter sport injuries were analysed at the hospital of Davos. About 90% are injuries caused by alpine skiing resulting in a total of 17 246 alpine skiing injuries for the last 15 years. There is a great decline in the incidence of lower leg fractures with a contrary development of knee injuries. Today half of the lower leg injuries are knee injuries (280 knee injuries out of a total of 1250 alpine skiing accidents per season). There is a gradual increase of upper extremity injuries from 17% of all skiing injuries in 1972 to 35% in 1976. A Swiss multicentre study on skiing safety shows comparable injury patterns in other skiing areas. The average injury‐severity measured by several parameters is declining.

In a technical investigation of skiing equipment of 1072 persons who sustained an accident, only 32% had ski bindings with tolerable frontal release and 17% with tolerable torsional release. Parallel measurements of bindings of 600 non‐injured skiers gave the same alarming results. More research on the correlation between binding adjustment and knee injuries is needed.     

Sex differences in lower extremity stiffness and kinematics alterations during double-legged drop landings with changes in drop height

The aim of this study was to determine whether sex differences and effect of drop heights exist in stiffness alteration of the lower extremity during a landing task with a drop height increment. Twelve male participants and twelve female participants performed drop landings at two drop heights (DL40 and DL60; in cm). The leg and joint stiffnesses were calculated using a spring–mass model, and the joint angular kinematics were calculated using motion capture. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded using a force plate. The peak vertical GRF of the females was significantly increased when the drop height was raised from 40 to 60 cm. Significantly less leg and knee stiffness was observed for DL60 in females. The ankle, knee, and hip angular displacement during landing were significantly increased with drop height increment in both sexes. The knee and hip flexion angular velocities at contact were significantly greater for the 60 cm drop height relative to the 40 cm drop height in males. These sex disparities regarding the lower extremity stiffness and kinematics alterations during drop landing with a drop height increment would predispose females to lower extremity injury.