安平崔氏三贤

东汉中后期有一祖孙三代,相继对中国文化的发展起过重要作用,这就是安平崔氏三贤——崔骃、崔瑗、崔寔。崔骃少时与班固、傅毅齐名,钦慕扬雄,善于辞赋,意在讽谏。崔瑗才学出众,长于文辞,尤擅书法,被称为“草贤”,不愧为一代“文宗”。崔寔才美能高,博通经史,与蔡邕并称“双凤”;“治边最为第一”;其所著《四民月令》,系统总结了当时农业生产的技术、方法和经验,在中国科学技术史上占有重要地位。     

论元代文人的科举情结

元代士人有着强烈的科举情结,他们把这种情结诉诸于笔端,于是在元代独特的文学样式——杂剧中出现了大量的科举描写,并因此形成了形成了文学史上的科举盛世。由此可见,研究元代士人科举情结产生的原因有助于进一步研究元杂剧。     

“理”和“欲”的对抗、约束与消解——对《错斩崔宁》、《错认尸》、《错勘赃》中“错”的深层解读

以《错斩崔宁》、《错认尸》、《错勘赃》为例,对宋元话本中的"错"予以解读。"错"是宋元时期的市民男女之间关系及其欲望的一种曲折表现,反映了宋元社会意识中对人"欲"的特殊理解,它具体表现为对欲望本身及其对象的恐惧和防范,反映了封建传统道德对新兴市民欲望的约束与消解。     

宋金元诗歌“列锦”结构模式及其审美追求

“列锦”作为一种修辞手法,并非是宋金元诗歌中才出现的,而是早在先秦时代的《诗经》中便已产生。在汉魏六朝诗歌中,“列锦”手法的运用更是广泛。唐诗中“列锦”文本不仅更为常见,而且结构模式上有很多创新。唐五代词受唐诗的影响,“列锦”在结构模式上又有所发展。宋金元诗歌受唐五代诗词的影响,“列锦”在结构模式上续有新的创造。与前代诗词一样,宋金元诗歌中的“列锦”修辞文本建构,都是“有所为而为”的,其建构都带有特定的审美追求。     

《全元诗》补遗32首

《全元诗》是我国元代诗歌文献的总集,但也存在收录不全的瑕疵,文章从地方志等文献辑录《全元诗》未收诗歌。     

Images as representations: visual sources on education and childhood in the past

The challenge of using images for the history of education and childhood will be addressed in this article by looking at them as representations. Central is the relationship between representations and reality. The focus is on the power of paintings as representations of aspects of realities. First the meaning of representation for images as sources for the history of education and childhood – mirrors of realities, complex symbol systems or representations – is explained. A distinction is made between images of real people and images of patterns of human behaviour and the value of the phenomenon of historical sensation as a methodological instrument for insight in that relationship is dealt with. Second, a specific genre of paintings from the seventeenth century, namely portraits of dead children, will be described and analysed to make clear that their value for the history of education and childhood can be studied adequately only by using those images as representations and by interpreting them within the cultural rules and regulations of time and place. This analysis results in the conclusion that images should be considered in their function as representations of aspects of educational and childhood reality.     

功能语篇分析浅谈

基于Halliday系统功能语言学中的文化语境和情境语境及其对应的纯理功能理论,就马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King)在林肯纪念堂前向25万人发表了著名的演说《I have a dream》的一段节选进行语篇分析,说明其在上述方面意义和信息传达上的语篇特点。     

屈原流放汉北考

屈原在楚怀王十六年至十七年期间被迫离开郢都来到汉北,其所游历的地方,至少包括郧襄一带。在离开郢都即将踏上流放汉北之路时,即怀王十六年,他“忧愁幽思而作《离骚》”;而在汉北期间,即怀王十七年,他创作了《抽思》。     

Consolidation and protection by nanolime: Recent advances for the conservation of the graffiti,Carceri dello Steri Palermo and of the 18th century lunettes,SS. Giuda e Simone Cloister,Corniola (Empoli)

Nanolime dispersed in 2-propanol was extensively used for the consolidation of wall paintings. The knowledge of the advances of this methodology dealing with all the possible effects associated with the nanolime new material in conservation is fundamental to assess and improve the technique. In this paper, four different dispersions of Ca(OH)₂ nanoparticles were characterised by Small Angle X-rays Scattering technique (SAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) in order to achieve information on size, shape, polydispersity, agglomeration, and crystal structure (by SAED patterns) of the particles. Once characterised, the dispersions were tested in two different case studies, the Carceri dello Steri in Palermo with their graffiti and the 18th century lunettes at the SS. Giuda e Simone Cloister, Corniola (Empoli) with their lime-based mural paintings. The treated samples were characterised in relationship to either their morphology and surface chemical composition by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), or their water absorption and mechanical properties (resistance to material abrasion). The results obtained showed that all the dispersions were nanometrically structured and their application succeeded in recovering the mechanical properties of the painting or graffito layers, not altering their permeability to water and keeping perfectly the wall transpiration. However, the dispersions constituted of the nanoparticles obtained via a synthesis able to control size and shape of the Ca(OH)₂ particles resulted in a better performance in situ, even if the differences found by SAXS and TEM were slight.     

元明清云南高原水资源利用与生态环境变迁

元明清三代是古代云南高原水利开发的重要时期,在官府的重视和领导下,云南高原的水利技术不断进步,水利工程遍布云南高原的平坝和山区,其中尤以滇池水利工程最为宏大.这时期的水资源利用是以土地为核心的农业开发服务的.一方面通过减少水域面积获得湖周平原土地;另一方面通过增强水利灌溉功效,提高农田的生产量.元明清三代云南高原水资源的开发利用对生态环境的直接影响较小,但它作为农业开发的助推器,却较为严重地破坏了云南高原原有的生态环境系统,人们不得不通过加强水利建设减少农业过度开发所带来的水土流失、河道淤塞等生态灾难.