What works? Academic integrity and the research-policy relationship

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the intensifying pressures on critical research and academic integrity in a research policy context that has come to be increasingly dominated by an instrumentalist mind-set. Using sensitising resources drawn from Geoff Whitty’s critique of the ‘what works’ agenda, we reflect on the current conditions of academic labour and some of the key issues and dilemmas they pose for critical researchers in the sociology of education and beyond. In particular, we underline the trend for ‘what works’ agendas to become constitutive of academic identities and practices, including at micro-levels, such that the option of ‘standing outside’ them is shifting from being merely personally taxing to being institutionally disallowed. In addition to highlighting the dilemmas this creates for critical researchers and the threat this poses to expansive and democratic approaches to education, the paper emphasises the centrality of relationship-forming in understanding and underpinning academic integrity.     

论高等职业教育的能力体系及取向

高等职业教育中的能力不同于心理学中的“人类生来就有的潜能”，不同于哲学和社会学中的“一般能力”，也不直接等同于普通教育学中的认知能力或智力，它是个体在一般素质与具体工作情景结合的基础上产生的，包括具体的“职业能力”、相关的“学术（学科）能力”和“普适性能力”。当前，高等职业教育中的能力观正由“学术能力观”向“职业能力观”转变。     

论学术道德建设及青年编辑的职业道德自律

当前,大力提倡学术道德,加强学术道德建设已是刻不容缓了。加强学术道德建设要做好多方面的工作:加强思想教育;加大执法力度;彻底根除学术腐败;加强科研人员的职业道德自律;报刊出版界严格把关。青年编辑具有涉世浅,学术修养不足的特点。针对自身的特点,青年编辑应加强职业道德自律。     

Ghostwriters guaranteeing grades? The quality of online ghostwriting services available to tertiary students in Australia

Ghostwriting is difficult to detect, it has the potential to be high quality, and universities do not currently have adequate policies in place to police it. Determining the quality of the ghostwriting services available to tertiary students is of vital importance because underestimating the potential for students to use these services to pass their courses affects universities’ ability to detect their use and counteract their prevalence. This study examines the service being advertised to students by the 30 top-ranked ghostwriting websites. The study examines the quality of the service being offered by purchasing 2 essays from 13 of these businesses, 1 undergraduate and 1 postgraduate. These essays were graded by three academics who believed they were grading real student papers. The results of the study are alarming because they imply that had these essays been submitted to a university, the majority of them would have passed without any plagiarism detected.     

新史学思潮经世功能的再考察

在20世纪初新史学思潮中，关于史学经世功能的认识，无论是维新派还是革命派，都极端强调史学的社会作用。由于以政治性、功利性取代了求真与学术性，无暇顾及学术上的追求，结果造成了严重的急功近利和学术庸俗化的偏向。这既有历史的原因，也有因长期受到政治标准第一的评价尺度和思维模式影响的缘故。     

大学生学业自我妨碍与成就目标取向、不可控感、自尊的相关研究

采用问卷法对260名大学生进行成就目标、不可控制感、自尊与学业自我妨碍关系研究调查,探讨大学生学业自我妨碍与其成就目标取向、不可控感、自尊间的关系.调查显示:(1)大学生学业自我妨碍存在专业、学历差异;(2)避免失败成绩目标、不可控制感、自我贬低对自我妨碍有显著的正向预测作用,掌握目标有显著的负向预测作用.由此得出成就目标取向、不可控感、自我贬低与大学生学业自我妨碍密切相关的结论.     

The Importance of Making the Well-Being of Children in Poverty a Priority

Hurricane Katrina exposed to the world the side of America that is often ignored or forgotten—the side of America where people live in poverty and struggle to meet their most basic needs. This article focuses primarily on children in Mississippi and highlights the effect that poverty has on children’s well-being at an early age and future academic success. It also provides evidence for the importance of funding high-quality pre-k programs and parental training to ensure they begin the process of preparing their children for success, not only in Mississippi but in the other states that are leaving their children behind. Finally, with the reauthorization of No Child Left Behind in 2007, recommendations are made for refocusing the premise of the law from accountability and high stakes testing to meeting the needs of all children so they can truly be successful in school.     

Towards a European Academic Labour Market? Some Lessons Drawn from Empirical Studies on Academic Mobility

In Europe, academic mobility has a long tradition which began with the birth of the European universities in the middle ages. Recently, European policies were strongly oriented towards the promotion of student and academic mobility and the creation of research networks and projects within Europe. Nevertheless, academic labour markets in Europe remain highly national and many obstacles hinder the development of European careers and the europeanisation/internationalisation of academic recruitments. Two different perspectives will be developed in this paper. First we will document the strong divergences among the national recruitment and careers processes within Europe and the problems raised by this situation. Second, we will draw on two empirical studies we conducted on academic mobility, the first one, led in 1995 in France, Germany and the UK and the second this year in France. Both studies show that most post-docs conceived their foreign experience as a personal strategy and aimed at improving their chances for recruitment in their own country. Within Europe, foreign country careers still are an exception due to accidental opportunities.     

正确认识高校学生的学风问题

目前，高校学生的学风确实存在一些不容忽视的问题。这不仅严重制约了高校人才的培养质量，也深刻影响着高校校风乃至整个社会风气。学风问题的形成有着社会、学校、学生等诸多方面的原因，在解决这一问题的过程中，高校应当且可以有所作为。     

美国大学教师终身教职的学术自由意义

美国大学教师终身教职是一种与教师学术自由、教学、科研业绩实施同行评价相关的合同制;是鼓励有才华的学者献身教学事业的一种制度性承诺;是教师(学者)价值的一种象征性或形式性肯定。大学教师终身教职具有学术自由的意义。