朱熹立法思想初探

朱熹有关立法方面的认识在其整个法律思想体系中占有十分重要的地位。他在律法精神上主张立法为公,在对待旧法的态度上坚持勇革弊法,在立法技术上力主行简易之法,在立法手段上认为应当“德礼刑政”综合为用。朱熹在立法领域的思想是比较丰富全面的,其中不乏值得我们今人借鉴之处。     

中小学教师惩戒权及其适用范围探析

教育惩戒权是中小学教师的合法职权,目的在于更好地实现对学生的教育与管理。在实践中．中小学教师惩戒权主要适用于学生的学业型失范行为、违纪型失范行为、失德型失范行为和违法型失范行为。为更好地发挥教育惩戒权的积极影响,实施中应遵循一定的要求,明确中小学教师惩戒权的教育性导向,明晰中小学教师惩戒权的权利与义务的关系,构建制度化的中小学教师惩戒权体系。     

从道德教育角度出发看惩罚的应用——涂尔干惩罚观的评析

惩罚作为一种教育手段应当被应用于道德教育层面。涂尔干从社会学角度入手,指出惩罚是人类文明发展的必然产物;其目的在于帮助培养儿童对社会道德规范的尊重之感。只有采取说理的方式,能够引发儿童的道德羞耻感的惩罚才会对儿童起到道德教育的作用。     

18世纪末19世纪初中国的流动人口 --以嘉庆朝刑科题本档案资料为范围

从中国第一历史档案馆所藏的"内阁全宗·刑科题本·土地债务类·嘉庆朝"档案资料,可以梳理出18世纪末期19世纪前期流动人口的移动方向、职业和生活状况.其时,后世发生的"闯关东"的现象业已萌生,由于清朝辖区的扩大和稳定,提供了人口密集地区的居民移动的新去处;"湖广填四川"仍然在继续;流动人口的职业,具有卑微性、多样性和不稳定性的特点;流动人口的生活没有保障,一部分人没有家庭生活,生活状况相当悲惨,这是命案不断产生的基本原因.     

浅谈负强化在高职英语教学中的应用

当前,不少教师在应用负强化理论教学时,不能根据教学的实际需要灵活应变,有的还将之混同惩罚,甚至由于刺激方式单调而导致负面作用。从负强化的概念、实际意义及运用、注意事项等方面着手,借鉴当前教育心理学研究成果,探索其应用于高职英语教学的价值。     

The association between perceived injunctive norms toward corporal punishment,parenting support,and risk for child physical abuse

The use of corporal punishment (CP) is a strong risk factor for many poor outcomes for children including child maltreatment. The use of CP occurs within social contexts which are important to understand. Although it is known that perceived social norms regarding CP are related to its use, the specific role that a mother’s primary support person plays in influencing attitudes toward and use of CP remains unknown. The current study assessed linkages between maternal perceived social support in parenting and perceived injunctive norms of CP from her primary source of support, with maternal attitudes toward and use of CP. Survey data were collected from female primary caregivers (N = 436) of children age 2 to 7 years (mean age = 3.7) enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) clinics in Southeastern Louisiana. Most frequently, the biological father of the child (37.9%) and the maternal grandmother of the child (24.2%) were identified as the participant’s primary source of social support in parenting. Perceived injunctive norms of this support person toward CP use were significantly and positively associated with attitudes toward, AOR = 5.97, 95% CI = [4.04, 8.82], and use of CP, AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = [2.55, 5.59]. However, perceived social support was not associated with these outcomes and also did not moderate these associations. Findings suggest that efforts to reduce maternal risk for child physical abuse and use of CP must include the mother’s primary source of social support if they are to be successful.     

The corporal punishment ban in schools: Teachers’ attitudes and classroom practices

This study examines Indian teachers’ perceptions of corporal punishment (CP), the reasons why CP still persists despite a ban, and the ways in which CP controversy reflects on social climate of the schools. Drawing from literature on custodial views of pupil control and systems theories, this qualitative study primarily uses observations and interviews to examine teachers’ perceptions related to use of CP in Delhi, India. Based on the data analysis this study concludes that alternatives to CP and successful implementation of the CP ban depend on compatibility between local and national sociocultural norms, teachers’ attitudes and beliefs towards the policies’ objectives, and the availability of resources. This study helps with understanding educator’s perception of corporal punishment as a disciplinary tool to spur meaningful action and change in the society. Additionally, this study creates a context for the policy-makers to develop equitable policies capable of helping teachers effectively to deal with students’ misbehaviour and creating safe learning environments.     

论构建适应中国刑法特点的罪数论体系

中国学说中的罪数论体系及其概念主要源于外国学说,二者存在着明显的冲突,因此应当根据中国不喜好数罪并罚的制度的特点重新设定罪数论体系。设计的原则是:确立独立的罪数观念;坚持“构成要件说”和禁止重复评价、重复处罚的原则;适当简化罪数论体系,使之适合中国制度的特点。构建的思路是:对一罪、数罪和数罪并罚问题,分别从理论、立法、司法三个不同角度进行考虑。按照上述原则和思路构建的罪数论体系是:1.典型一罪和数罪;2.法定处罚的一罪;3.酌定处罚的一罪。在酌定处罚的一罪中包括想象竞合犯、牵连犯、选择一罪、同种数罪等概念。     

论体育行政处罚的概念、特征及范围

体育行政处罚是行政主体针对体育领域、体育事务中的违法行为所进行的行政处罚,其特征主要表现为处罚主体的多元性、处罚对象的广泛性、违法内容的多样性,其范围主要包括对作为违法的处罚及不作为违法的处罚等。     

“黑哨”行为的法律性质及其规治

“黑哨”行为是指裁判员在体育比赛执法过程中故意不遵行竞赛规则、规程和裁判法、违背体育精神和执业道德,违反体育法律法规条例章程的规定而作出不公正判罚的行为。导致“黑哨”行为的原因多样,但其与受贿不存在必然联系,与“受贿”行为存在本质区别。“黑哨”行为是一种具有特定社会危害性的行为：对比赛各直接利益相关方均产生消极影响和不利后果;破坏了国家公平公正的裁判员制度;损害了体育运动的健康发展。依据其社会危害性和违法性的不同程度,“黑哨”行为应当受到行业内部纪律处罚或体育行政处罚或刑事处罚。