Managing Ill-Discipline among Learners in Disadvantaged Schools

Abstract

The management of ill-discipline among learners has become a serious challenge for teachers. This article reports on a study conducted to determine how teachers in the primary schools of the Matjhabeng Municipality, Free State, South Africa, manage ill-discipline among learners. A mixed method approach, which comprised a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, was used to collect data. Sixteen teachers completed the questionnaire and eight of them were also interviewed. The results revealed that the majority of the participants applied approved or acceptable measures of managing ill-discipline, such as talking politely to learners; chasing learners out of the classroom; and involving the principal and parents. However, some of the participants applied unapproved or illegal measures of disciplining learners, such as inflicting corporal punishment; swearing at learners; and pinching learners. The participants who applied the unapproved or illegal measures of disciplining learners reported that these measures were more effective than the approved measures. All the participants reported that although the approved measures were unhelpful in maintaining an environment conducive for effective teaching and learning, they were compelled to apply them. The training of teachers in the approved disciplinary practices, as well as the involvement of parents in learner discipline, are recommended.     

中国刑法理念的现代化

今天的中国正在走向现代化,在这样的时代背景下,中国刑法必须进行现代化的变革。中国刑法的现代化首先是刑法观念的现代化。形式意义上的罪刑法定主义实质是社会本位,只能“入罪”而不能“出罪”的犯罪构成缺失人权保障,过于追求报应或社会效应的重刑主义浓厚。这些观念问题反映出重社会利益轻个人利益、重国家权力轻个人权利的倾向。以以人为本、关注个人权利保障的基本理念为导向来构建中国现代化刑法应该是中国刑法的基本路径和必然选择。     

《左传》的德治思想摭谈

殷商已有“德”的概念。从周公颁布的话命中更明确体现了德治思想。《左传》中,德治思想已形成了较完备的行政伦理体系。作始终把德治思想视为诸侯称霸的重要条件;治国修政的思想支柱;荐才立身的最高准则。     

学生工作中宽与严的辩证法

观点是在教育工作中辨证看待严与宽的关系，要做到以下三点；制定一套科学实用的行为规则和目标要求；要有合理的奖惩制度；要建立以学生为核心的学生自我管理制度，正确处理宽严的关系是教育工作的关键。     

中国古代独特的官吏处罚制度——两晋南北朝"白衣领职"制度初探

“白衣领职”是流行于两晋南北朝时期的一种独特的官吏处罚制度,它主要适用于中央中、高级官员的轻微职务犯罪,重点处罚官员的失职行为,是强化皇权和整饬吏治的一种手段,同时还有激励罪吏“戴罪立功”的积极作用。但在操作过程中,该制度也有一定的随意性。     

唐律述评

唐律是中国封建时代最具代表性与典型性的封建法律，它承袭和发展了以往礼法并用的统治方法，使得封建统治“一准乎礼”，真正实现了礼与法的统一。     

从自由刑的发展看死刑存废的规律性

从天才的贝卡里亚开始，死刑的存废便成为学界与各国政府关注的一个社会与法律问题。贝卡里亚预见到死刑将会被废除，但他没能揭示出死刑消亡的内在原因。其后的学者大多从死刑本身来找死刑应存或应废的理由，而很少有从刑罚的发展体系来寻找死刑最终的命运。死刑像任何事物一样，有它产生、发展以及消亡的过程，这个过程受刑罚发展规律性的制约。当自由刑发展到可以替代死刑时死刑才能被取消。我国现阶段要根据死刑消亡的规律性作出是否废除死刑的决定。     

A look at corporal punishment and some implications of its use

The author notes several legal, social, philosophical and educational attitudes common to Canada and the United States which have, for centuries, characterized the uses of corporal punishment with children. Specifically, corporal punishment is viewed as a technique for developing discipline within the school system. Inconsistencies in both Canada and the U.S. are noted regarding court decisions and their application in the classroom. Recent revisions to The Ontario Child Welfare Act are discussed in light of its implications for parents and teachers who physically punish their children or students. Research findings related to corporal punishment and their implications for schools are cited. Negative side-effects of administering punishment are also described. The evidence suggests that corporal punishment besides being an ineffective learning technique, is not the uncomplicated, quick solution many may think it. The author concludes by proposing that because of their important role in the lives of developing children and considering the resources devoted to teacher training, teachers should be held as legally accountable for their use of corporal punishment with children as parents are. As well, he indicates the need for (1) increased teacher training in the areas of child management, classroom management and interactional processes; (2) greater opportunity to devise creative problem-solving strategies; and (3) a re-ordering of priorities at universities, colleges and faculties of education which would benefit not only teachers, but ultimately their students.     

国外生态奖惩机制对生态浙中的借鉴性研究

面对人与自然关系的失衡,人类必须从理论和实践的双重层面来寻找解决生态问题的良策——生态奖惩机制是人类对自我与自然之间关系的协调,通过一些强制性手段、方法和机制进行奖励和惩罚,来协调人与自然的关系,扭转工业文明发展与自然的背离。通过对发达国家的生态奖惩机制以及国内的实际情况进行研究和归纳,从而借鉴其中的可用之处,制定符合浙中地区发展要求的生态奖惩机制来建设天人和谐的生态浙中。     

董仲舒的“阳德阴刑”思想

董仲舒以"三纲"为核心,论述了君承天意、法自君出的合理性,阐述了任德不任刑的思想内核为"阳德阴刑",即德主刑辅。将其贯彻在立法、司法之中则为"引经决狱,秋冬行刑",进而形成了一整套完整的理论体系。从而确立儒家德刑思想在中国两千多年的封建社会中的正统地位,为中华法系的形成起了奠基作用。