防治作弊:保证教育考试公正的有效途径

教育考试,作为社会评价人才的重要机制、分配教育机会和资源的重要依据,必须以公正原则为基本价值原则。公正,是教育考试的基本价值原则,也是教育考试的内在要求。但是,各种旨在通过非正当途径和手段达到考试取胜之目的的作弊,不仅违反了教育考试规则,更破坏了教育考试的公正性,干扰了教育考试在教育机会和资源分配中的作用。因此,要有效地维护教育考试公正,就必须防治考试作弊。     

高考作弊的新特点与防范措施

2007年是我国恢复高考制度30周年,30年的高考为国家选拔培养了大量的人才,这些人才遍布于各行各业各条战线,为现代化建设发挥了极大的作用,做出了举世瞩目的贡献。但是随着社会的发展,高考在做出积极贡献取得巨大成就的同时,存在的弊端也越来越显露,高考的各个环节都需要改革和完善,其中危害最大、影响最坏的就是作弊行为屡有发生,而且大有升级扩大之势。论文首先对高考作弊的新特点进行陈述,在此基础上,进一步分析考试作弊的原因并提出防范高考作弊的措施。     

A case study on multiple-choice testing in anatomical sciences

Objective testing techniques, such as multiple-choice examinations, are a widely accepted method of assessment in gross anatomy. In order to deter cheating on these types of examinations, instructors often design several versions of an examination to distribute. These versions usually involve the rearrangement of questions and their corresponding answer choices. This study will determine whether the distribution of different versions of an examination affects student performance in a lower division anatomical science course. Students who receive the original version of an examination may be at an advantage over those that receive a shuffled version of an examination because of the systematic tendencies that go into examination construction. This study concludes that the shuffling of questions and answer choices to produce multiple versions of an examination does not affect student performance.     

Does the repetitive use of the same test in consecutive examination sessions facilitate cheating?

This paper introduces an empirical study testing three kinds of bias in higher education student assessment. All of them are connected to the repetitive use of the same test questions which may facilitate academic cheating. The ‘same tests effect’ may appear if two or more groups of students are writing the same test one after the other and, as a result, a statistically significant improvement is detectable in the test scores of the second student group. The ‘revealed sameness effect’ is the impact of informing the students in some way that the test questions will be repeated. The ‘self selection effect’ arises when the students choose their examination turn themselves and this boosts their measured performance. The present study examines the three effects with independent t-tests and linear regression models on samples of 1221, 235, and 201 students (in this order), from four business courses in six academic semesters. The results do not support the ‘same test effect’, but support the ‘revealed sameness effect’ and the ‘self selection effect’.     

Effects of antisocial behaviour on opponent's anger,attention, and performance

Sledging, which is verbal antisocial behaviour in sport, aims to impair an opponent’s performance. Previously, variations in performance have been attributed to changes in emotion and cognition. To improve our understanding of sledging, the current experiment examined the effects of verbal antisocial behaviour on anger, attention and performance. Participants performed a competitive basketball free-throw shooting task under insult (verbal behaviour designed to offend and upset the performer), distraction (verbal behaviour designed to draw attention away from the task), or control (neutral verbal behaviour) conditions. Performance was assessed by the number of successful baskets and a points-based scoring system, while anger and attention were measured post-task. The insult condition provoked more anger than the control and distraction conditions, whereas the insult and distraction conditions increased distraction and reduced self-focus compared to the control condition. Although verbal antisocial behaviour had no overall direct effect on performance, mediation analysis showed that anger indirectly impaired performance via distraction. Implications for the antisocial behaviour-performance relationship are discussed.     

锦标赛式薪酬中作弊行为的博弈分析

从锦标赛式薪酬模式的监督与激励机制出发,对这一薪酬模式下代理人的作弊行为进行了博弈分析。结果显示:第一,在有外部成本的情况下,薪酬差距的增加会加剧作弊行为;其次,随着监督力度的提高,竞争者会降低作弊的动机,当对各竞争者的监督是独立时,要发现所有的作弊行为所需的监督力度大于当对各竞争者的监督是关联时所需的监督力度;最后,随着监督强度的不断提高,参与竞争的高管人员的努力水平会先降低后上升。     

大学考试作弊问题分析与对策

功利化的价值观导向,监管制度和补考制度不完善、不合理,作弊违规需要付出的代价太小,道德弱化和诚信丧失等是大学生考试作弊的主要原因。预防考试作弊的对策在于完善考试制度,铲除利于学生作弊的土壤;改革考评制度,提高学生学习的动力;加强价值观和道德观教育;只有这样,才能最终形成奋发向上的学风,培育优秀合格的大学生。     

对大学生考试作弊的思考

考试是衡量教学效果、评价教学质量的手段,是教学活动的重要环节之一。但目前在高校,大学生考试作弊问题日趋突出,在很大程度上影响了良好学风、校风的形成和教学技师的提高。通过对大学生考试作弊原因的分析,反思了教育教学及管理中存在的问题,提出了防范考生作弊的对策。     

对大学英语四级考试作弊与反作弊的思考

近年来,大学英语四级考试作为英语语言测试的一类大项,出现了日益严重的作弊现象。本文从当前四级考试作弊现象的特点出发,分析其原因,并就立法和改革四级考核方式提出对策。     

强化考试机制 遏制考试作弊

考试作弊是一种逆社会行为,防治考试作弊已经成为当前各类考试面临的难题。如何防治考试作弊:一要加强考试宏观控制;二要精细考试微观环节;三要健全考试法制;四要强化考试硬件建设。只要全社会分工合作齐抓共管,考试作弊就会得到遏制乃至杜绝。