An Empirical Research Study of the Efficacy of Two Plagiarism-Detection Applications

This article describes a study of the two most popular plagiarism-detection software platforms available on today's market—Turnitin (http://www.turnitin.com/static/index.html) and SafeAssign (http://www.safeassign.com/). After a brief discussion of plagiarism's relevance to librarians, the authors examine plagiarism-detection methodology and conduct a review of the current literature regarding plagiarism-detection efficacy. To evaluate detection efficacy for Turnitin and SafeAssign, the authors constructed a brief study in which twenty sample papers containing portions of plagiarized material were submitted to each platform. The results show that Turnitin had the highest overall success at plagiarism detection with an 82.4 percent detection rate. Additionally, both platforms had a combined false-positive detection rate of 16.8 percent. The authors conclude that close review of material suspected of plagiarism is still essential for proper identification.     

Match-Fixing: Working Towards an Ethical Framework

How does match-fixing, or other unfair manipulation of matches, that involves under-performance by players, or refereeing and umpiring that prevents fair competition, be thought of in ethical terms? In this article, I outline the different forms that match-fixing can take and seek to comprehend these disparate scenarios within Kantian, Hegelian and contractualist ethical frameworks. I tentatively suggest that, by developing an ethical opposition to match-fixing in sport, we can give much greater substance to popular phrases such as ‘respect for the game’, encompassing the value of sport itself and respect for other players, fans, sponsors and organisers. Arguing that match-fixing denies recognition to these ‘others’ demonstrates how fundamentally match-fixing ‘hollows out’ sport because a fixed match is of no worth: the whole value of the game has literally been evacuated.     

Impulsivity and Academic Cheating

The authors examined the relations between academic cheating and impulsivity in a large sample of adolescents enrolled in high school health education classes. Results indicated that impulsivity predicts academic cheating for students who report extensive involvement in cheating. However, students who engage in extensive cheating are less likely to report cheating when they perceive a mastery goal structure. In addition, both moderate and extensive cheaters report less cheating when they perceive the teacher as being credible.     

考试作弊处分与学位授予关系的调研与思考——兼谈美国高校对学生作弊的处理方式

针对大学生考试作弊受到处分影响学位授予的现象,对12所"211"高校学士学位授予与考试作弊处分的规定进行了调研,发现部分高校规定考试作弊不授予学位。为进一步了解学生对二者关联的看法,对某一"211"高校的本科生进行问卷调查,通过对调查结果的整理分析,提出"一次作弊后,看其后表现;再次作弊,不授学位"的弹性化的柔性学位管理建议。最后列举了美国高校对作弊学生的防范与处理办法,以期起到借鉴作用。     

Academic dishonesty,ethical norms and learning

This study is aimed to deduce which ethical norms and considerations are implicitly present in the students’ answers when they are asked to define to what degree the presented actions in a questionnaire are acts of cheating. Data are analysed by factor analysis as well as qualitative analysis. The questions asked are: What characterises the items regarded as cheating? What characterises the items not regarded as cheating? The implicit logic in the students’ attitudes is: The lower the degree of effort and work, the lower degree of learning can be expected; the lower is the degree of learning, the higher will be the degree of academic dishonesty. If the academic dishonesty does promote learning, it can be morally justified by mixed arguments from three ethical theories, consequentialist, deontology and virtue ethics.     

Ego involvement increases doping likelihood

Achievement goal theory provides a framework to help understand how individuals behave in achievement contexts, such as sport. Evidence concerning the role of motivation in the decision to use banned performance enhancing substances (i.e., doping) is equivocal on this issue. The extant literature shows that dispositional goal orientation has been weakly and inconsistently associated with doping intention and use. It is possible that goal involvement, which describes the situational motivational state, is a stronger determinant of doping intention. Accordingly, the current study used an experimental design to examine the effects of goal involvement, manipulated using direct instructions and reflective writing, on doping likelihood in hypothetical situations in college athletes. The ego-involving goal increased doping likelihood compared to no goal and a task-involving goal. The present findings provide the first evidence that ego involvement can sway the decision to use doping to improve athletic performance.     

大学生作弊现状分析与对策——以西部某高校为例

通过问卷调查法,对甘肃省某高校966名大学生作弊的现状、动机、原因进行调查研究,分析大学生作弊的因素,得出大学生没有对作弊问题做到正确认识,某些教师在上课过程中没有做到科学化、合理化教学,校风建设不容忽视,整个唯分数论的评价奖励体系已不适应学生良性发展等结论。从学生、教师、学校、社会等角度提出解决问题的相关建议。     

浅析大学生考试作弊现象及防范对策

当今高校较为普遍存在着大学生考试作弊现象,考试作弊具有着严重的危害性,它不仅干扰了学校对教学质量的正常监控,还破坏了学校的教育教学风气。本文通过对大学生考试作弊现象及成因的分析,结合实际,提出一些预防考试作弊的对策。     

Are we educating educators about academic integrity? A study of UK higher education textbooks

A substantial proportion of university students report committing plagiarism and related forms of misconduct. An academic integrity-focused approach to addressing plagiarism emphasises the promotion of positive values alongside education of staff and students about good, and bad, practice in writing, studying and assessment design. The concept was developed many years ago and is seen as desirable, yet it is not clear whether academic integrity features prominently in the education of academics themselves. We analysed source texts for postgraduate certificates in higher education (or equivalent) at UK universities. Overall, academic integrity was poorly addressed in these texts, and the language used (‘cheating’, ‘plagiarism’) was not reflective of an academic integrity-based approach. Newer issues, such as the purchasing of custom written assignments (contract cheating), were barely addressed. We conclude that the concept of academic integrity needs to be integrated into mainstream discourse around teaching in UK higher education.     

恪守诚实信用遏制价格欺诈

价格欺诈行为的泛滥已成为社会主义市场经济健康有序发展进程中不容忽视的现象,它在本质上背离了诚实信用原则.遏制价格欺诈行为的根本途径在于恪守诚实信用原则.因此,必须建立和完善诚实信用原则的法律保障机制、道德保障机制和社会保障机制,规范市场主体的价格行为,推进社会主义市场经济向更高一级的信用经济迈进.