Match-Fixing: Working Towards an Ethical Framework

How does match-fixing, or other unfair manipulation of matches, that involves under-performance by players, or refereeing and umpiring that prevents fair competition, be thought of in ethical terms? In this article, I outline the different forms that match-fixing can take and seek to comprehend these disparate scenarios within Kantian, Hegelian and contractualist ethical frameworks. I tentatively suggest that, by developing an ethical opposition to match-fixing in sport, we can give much greater substance to popular phrases such as ‘respect for the game’, encompassing the value of sport itself and respect for other players, fans, sponsors and organisers. Arguing that match-fixing denies recognition to these ‘others’ demonstrates how fundamentally match-fixing ‘hollows out’ sport because a fixed match is of no worth: the whole value of the game has literally been evacuated.     

Cheating in e-exams and paper exams: the perceptions of engineering students and teachers in Norway

Abstract

A concern that has been raised with the transition from pen and paper examinations to electronic examinations is whether this will make cheating easier. This article investigates how teachers and students perceive the differences in ease of cheating during three types of written examination: paper exams, bring your own device e-exams and e-exams using university-owned devices. It also investigates perceptions about the effectiveness of some typical countermeasures towards cheating across these examination types. A mixed-method approach was used, combining questionnaires and interviews with students and teachers in the authors’ own university. A total of 212 students and 162 teachers participated in the questionnaire survey, and then, a more limited number were interviewed to get a deeper understanding of the results. Six-different cheating practices were considered – impersonation, forbidden aids, peeking, peer collaboration, outside assistance and student–staff collusion and seven different countermeasures were considered – proctors, biometry, mingling, shuffling, random drawing, sequencing and broadcasting. Both students and teachers perceived cheating as easier with e-exams, and especially with bring your own device. They also thought some countermeasures would be easier to implement with e-exams.     

试析高校学生考试作弊成因及对策

分析高校学生考试作弊的成因及产生的危害，提出预防和杜绝学生考试作弊的对策。     

大学考试作弊问题分析与对策

功利化的价值观导向,监管制度和补考制度不完善、不合理,作弊违规需要付出的代价太小,道德弱化和诚信丧失等是大学生考试作弊的主要原因。预防考试作弊的对策在于完善考试制度,铲除利于学生作弊的土壤;改革考评制度,提高学生学习的动力;加强价值观和道德观教育;只有这样,才能最终形成奋发向上的学风,培育优秀合格的大学生。     

The problem of open cheating and invigilator compliance in the Lebanese Brevet and Baccalauréat examinations

This paper describes a study on examination room cheating during Lebanese Brevet and Baccalauréat examinations with a focus on ‘open cheating’ – malpractices which are aided and abetted by examination invigilators. Findings suggest that the problem is widespread and is largely attributable to the empathy invigilators feel with candidates. The collectivist ethos which has earlier been applied to collusion among cheating students appears to extend to invigilators during these high-stakes external examinations. It is suggested that behaviour modification strategies through organisational changes to the conduct of the examinations will be more effective than character development strategies in the short term.     

高职院校考风问题

考风的好坏是学生掌握所学知识的程度在考试成绩中是否能如实反映的关键,目前在高职院校中考风不正的问题日趋严重,考试违纪、作弊等现象屡见不鲜,考风不正导致考试成绩不真实,影响了教育工作者对学生知识掌握程度的准确判断,助长了投机取巧的坏学风。文章针对高职院校的考风问题做了深入分析,提出了解决考风不良问题的途径。     

计量检定技术在防止燃油加油机作弊中的应用

燃油加油机计量检定工作,关系到我国油品市场管理规范化程度和消费者的切身利益.加强计量检定人员的业务能力,提高计量检定人员的技术水平,对打击加油机作弊行为有着重要作用.本文从计量检定技术原理分析,介绍常见的各种作弊手段,并针对这些作弊手段提出应对措施.     

浅议考试作弊

考试作为一种社会活动,隐含了各种功利目的。一些人为此而在考试过程中作弊。同时,由于考生对作弊乐此不疲,作弊开始变成商业化运作。如今,作弊方式花样繁多,作弊技术也日趋先进。鉴于此,考试主管部门采取了相应的反作弊措施。尽管如此,反作弊依然任重而道远。如何强化考试管理,提高考务人员素质是新形势下考试反作弊工作亟待解决的问题。     

Honor Codes and Other Contextual Influences on Academic Integrity: A Replication and Extension to Modified Honor Code Settings

Research has shown that traditional academic honor codes are generally associated with lower levels of student academic dishonesty. Utilizing data obtained from students at 21 colleges and universities, this study investigated the influence of modified honor codes, an alternative to traditional honor codes, that is gaining popularity on larger campuses. It also tested the model of student academic dishonesty previously suggested by McCabe and Treviño in a more diverse sample of campuses. Results suggest that modified honor codes are associated with lower levels of student dishonesty and that the McCabe and Treviño model appears to be reasonably robust.     

大学生诚信缺失行为的博弈分析与对策探究

当前高校学生诚信缺失与道德现状受到社会的广泛关注。本文结合大学生诚信缺失的实际情况,从大学生考试作弊这一问题切入,建立博弈模型进行分析,并结合模型所得出的均衡结果,为构建高校诚信制度,加强大学生诚信能力培养提出意见和对策。