大高差高角度边坡支护设计

针对大落差高角度边坡进行了支护设计：根据设计规范和相关设计经验,经过勘查、分析,根据边坡坡率和地质条件,垂直高度44.0m范围边坡分两部分进行加固,提出了与之相对应的两种加固方案,主要包括不同支护框架结构和支护参数设计支护设计,筹建方选择了方案1,即高度0～20.0m范围边坡采用锚杆框架结构和锚索框架结构进行支护,高度20.0～44.0m范围边坡采用锚杆框架结构进行维护,同时进行了排水设计.     

第11届全运会女子铅球项目前8名运动员关键运动技术参数三维录像分析

本文采用文献研究法、三维录像解析法和统计分析法对第11届全运会女子铅球决赛前八名运动员最好成绩投次进行关键运动技术研究,获取她们的部分关键运动学参数,同时和世界级优秀运动员的相应参数进行比较分析,得出相应的研究结果。本论文的主要研究结论为1.背向滑步转身跳投技术按整体动作结构可分为后摆、滑步、过渡、双支撑和最后出手投掷五个阶段。2本研究再次证明了出手速度与比赛成绩呈高度正相关,相关系数达到0.95。而出手角度和其他运动学参数与成绩呈中低度相关。3.本届全运会中冠军巩立娇6次试投平均成绩为19.60±0.46m;平均出手速度为13.47±0.24m/s,与世界级选手接近;平均出手角度为33.99±1.23°,低于世界级优秀运动员;平均出手高度为2.03±0.03m,距离抵制板的水平距离平均为-0.03±0.08m。4.前3名运动员李玲、李梅菊和巩立娇最好成绩投次质心最大分别为速度为2.84m/s、2.65m/s和2.91m/s,质心最大速度与成绩相关性不大。铅球的出手速度为12.69m/s,13.31m/s和13.84m/s,出手角度为38.5°、35.5°和33.9°,铅球的出手高度为2.09m、1.98m和2.06m。     

The influence of electrostimulation on mechanical and morphological characteristics of the triceps surae

The present study assessed the effects of training using electrostimulation of muscle (EMS) on the torque‐angular velocity and torque‐angle relationships, and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the triceps surae. Twelve physical education students, divided into two groups (6 control, 6 experimental), participated in the experiment. The EMS sessions were undertaken using a ‘Compex‐type’ stimulator. Flexible elastomer electrodes were used. The current used discharged pulses lasting for 200 μs at a frequency of 70 Hz. The durations of contraction and rest were 5 and 15 s, respectively. The session lasted for 10 min for each muscle. The training regimen was three sessions per week for 4 weeks. Biomechanical tests were performed with the Biodex (Biodex Corporation, Shirley, NY, USA) isokinetic ergometer. Plantar flexions of the ankle over a concentric range of voluntary contractions were performed at different angular velocities (1.05, 2.10, 3.14, 4.20, 5.23 and 6.28 rad s^‐1) and maximum voluntary isometric contractions were held for 5 s at several ankle flexion angles (–30°, –15°, 0° and 15°; 0° corresponds to foot flexion of 90° relative to the leg axis). The peak value of the torque was recorded. Morphological tests consisted of measuring the CSA of the triceps surae on the right leg, 15 cm below the tibial protuberance, by a computerized tomography technique. The torque‐velocity relationship was seen to shift significantly upwards after EMS training. The increase in the isometric torque observed after EMS training was greater in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion. No change was noted in the CSA of the muscle. It appears that the increase in strength following EMS training is not related to an increase in the contractile matter. These observations show that EMS training for 4 weeks develops dynamic and static contractile properties of the muscle. Neural mechanisms may account for these adaptations.     

Correlation between architectural variables and torque in the erector spinae muscle during maximal isometric contraction

Abstract

This study analysed whether a significant relationship exists between the torque and muscle thickness and pennation angle of the erector spinae muscle during a maximal isometric lumbar extension with the lumbar spine in neutral position. This was a cross-sectional study in which 46 healthy adults performed three repetitions for 5 s of maximal isometric lumbar extension with rests of 90 s. During the lumbar extensions, bilateral ultrasound images of the erector spinae muscle (to measure pennation angle and muscle thickness) and torque were acquired. Reliability test analysis calculating the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the measure, correlation between pennation angle, muscle thickness and torque extensions were examined. Through a linear regression the contribution of each independent variable (muscle thickness and pennation angle) to the variation of the dependent variable (torque) was calculated. The results of the reliability test were: 0.976–0.979 (pennation angle), 0.980–0.980 (muscle thickness) and 0.994 (torque). The results show that pennation angle and muscle thickness were significantly related to each other with a range between 0.295 and 0.762. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that the two variables considered in this study explained 68% of the variance in the torque. Pennation angle and muscle thickness have a moderate impact on the variance exerted on the torque during a maximal isometric lumbar extension with the lumbar spine in neutral position.     

Effect of inclination and position of new swimming starting block's back plate on track-start performance

This study investigated the effects of both anterior–posterior position and inclination of a back plate positioned on a starting platform on swimming start performance. Ten male college swimmers performed eight starts with varying combinations of take-off angle (normal and lower), inclination angle (10°, 25°, 45°, and 65°) and position (0.29, 0.44, and 0.59 m from the front edge of the starting block). Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA; take-off angle × back plate) for four conditions with take-off angles (normal and lower) and inclinations (10° and 45°), and one-way ANOVA for comparisons between four inclinations and three positions were carried out. Multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni's method. The main effects of the take-off angle were on the vertical and resultant take-off velocities [F(1,18) = 36.72, p < 0.001 and F(1,18) = 9.58, p = 0.013, respectively]. Comparisons between the plate positions showed that the 5 m time of the 0.29 m condition was significantly longer, the take-off angle and vertical take-off velocity of the 0.59 m condition were significantly lower, and horizontal and resultant take-off velocities of the 0.29 m condition were significantly less. Rear foot take-off times were significantly longer in the ascending order: 0.29, 0.44, and 0.59 m.     

The influence of club-head kinematics on early ball flight characteristics in the golf drive

Despite many coaching and biomechanical texts describing how the kinematics of the club-head at impact lead to distance and accuracy of the ball flight, there is limited quantitative evidence supporting these assertions. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationships between club-head kinematics and subsequent early ball flight characteristics during the golf drive. An opto-reflective system operating at 400 Hz was used to capture the swings of 21 male golfers using their own drivers. The 3D displacement data permitted the calculation of club-head kinematics at impact, as well as subsequent early ball flight characteristics. Using regression analyses, club-head kinematics at impact (velocity, orientation, path, and centeredness) were used to explain the variability in five dependent variables of early ball flight characteristics (resultant velocity, launch angle, side angle, back spin, and side spin). The results of the study indicated that club-head kinematics at impact explained a significant proportion of early ball flight characteristics (adjusted r ² = 0.71–0.82), even when generalized across individual clubs.     

关于一道课本习题引起的思考

本文将一道课本习题作为问题背景,深入思考,提出一个更深层次的问题。并且利用背景问题中的结论,探究解决了所提出的问题。从而反思在教学中,数学教师应该勤于思考,不断巩固加深自己的专业知识,始终保持一种旺盛的斗志和热衷于数学教学的热情。     

纵向视角下中国技术转移系统演变的协同度研究——基于复合系统协同度模型的测度

 从纵向视角出发,结合系统论,对技术转移系统进行概念界定及结构解析。在此基础上,选择合适的序变量,基于2000-2009年相关数据,运用复合系统协同度模型对我国技术转移系统演变的协同度进行实证分析。结果证明,我国技术转移系统的协调发展程度不高,且呈现波动演变态势,其中,技术传播子系统是影响我国技术转移系统演变过程中协同度发展方向和程度的关键因素。最后,针对我国技术转移系统协调度的现状,为宏观调控者提供了政策性建议。     

帆型对帆船帆翼空气动力特性影响研究

为了比较帆船比赛中不同帆型时帆翼推进能力,利用数值模拟方法对同一面帆翼两种典型的帆型的帆翼空气动力进行了比较。研究发现：拱度较大的帆翼其升力系数较大,对于提高帆船速度有利,但是其压力中心增加,其倾斜力矩也增加了。综合考虑帆船整体行驶性能情况下,一般大风时使用拱度较小的帆翼,小风时使用拱度较大的帆翼。研究结果为运动员比赛操作帆船过程中根据不同风况进行有利航行的帆翼调整提供了科学依据,为双帆或多帆帆船前帆调整提供指导。     

闭合导线的假闭合现象

工程测量和控制测量都了不开导线测量，由于种种原因，做闭合导线测量时，往往会出现假闭合现象。只有杜绝假闭合现象，才能使测量成果不可信可靠。