How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds

A number of authors have investigated the impact of early childhood education and care programs on the development of children. Often they have focused on the effects on children from socio-economically disadvantaged families. To assess the effects of various preschool programs on cognitive development, recent key studies were reviewed. In addition, the extent to which these programs could establish equal educational opportunities for children from different social backgrounds was evaluated. Program start, intensity, and duration were considered. The findings indicate that the vast majority of recent early education and care programs had considerable positive short-term effects and somewhat smaller long-term effects on cognitive development and that in relative terms children from socio-economically disadvantaged families made as much or slightly more progress than their more advantaged peers. Despite this, early childhood education and care cannot compensate completely for developmental deficits due to unfavorable learning conditions in disadvantaged milieus. Implications for research and policy are discussed.     

成人教育的国际比较研究

在全球经济一体化的今天,成人教育在各经济发达国家迅速发展,其生命力就在于它为各发达国家社会经济的发展提供了强大的、高素质的人力资源支持。这也正是文章通过对国际发达国家成人教育的研究,借鉴其经验,促进中国成人教育持续健康快速发展,变沉重的人口负担为巨大人力资源优势的目的所在。     

论新课程背景下的课堂教学评价观

有效地进行课堂教学评价是提高教育教学质量、促进教师成长和学生发展的重要手段,新课程需要有新的评价体系相匹配。依据新课程的基本精神和基本理念,新课程背景下我们应该构建＂以人为本＂的评价目的观、多元化的评价主体观、发展性的功能观、以＂学＂评＂教＂的评价内容观以及多样化的评价方法观。     

Raising the achievement of Portuguese pupils in British schools: a case study of good practice

The aim of the research was to study the experiences of Portuguese heritage pupils in British schools. The main findings from empirical data suggest Portuguese children are underachieving at the end of primary education but the case study confirms that in good schools Portuguese pupils do well and have made huge improvements over the periods. The findings show that the case study schools have adopted a number of strategies to overcome some of the barriers to achievement including parental engagement, effective use of a more diverse workforce, developing an inclusive ethos and curriculum, effective English language support for Portuguese pupils, monitoring performance of Portuguese pupils and good and well‐coordinated targeted support through extensive use of teachers, teaching assistants, learning mentors and Portuguese classes. The study argues that the worryingly low‐achievement levels of many Portuguese pupils in British schools have been masked by Government statistics that fail to distinguish between European ethnic groups. Policy implications for all concerned with school improvement are highlighted in the final section.     

江苏省高技术产业人才需求预测研究——基于改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型

利用改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型,借助MATLAB对江苏省高技术产业2016—2020年的人才总量进行灰色预测,并与通过模型预测出的广东、浙江省的高技术产业的人才总量进行对比。建模结果表明,改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的预测精度比常规模型提高了将近50%,也比新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型和背景值优化模型精度高。预测结果表明,"十三五"末江苏省高技术产业人才总量约为2 549 424人,位于广东之后;人才年均增速约为0.5%,位于浙江、广东之后。     

谈基层亮点新闻的写作

时代赋予了地市级新闻工作者发掘基层新闻亮点的得天独厚的条件。地市级新闻工作者应该在提高职业素养、培养新闻悟性、背景材料采集上多下功夫。捕捉好基层新闻的亮点,写作亮点新闻,使基层新闻更好地宣传基层、服务基层。     

基于二次插值的GM(1,1)模型在用电量预测中的应用

江苏省是东部沿海地区经济发展较快的省份,对电力的需求很大,用电量预测十分重要。文章从江苏省电力资源需求现状入手,以江苏省大量的历史数据作为分析基础,利用二次Lagrange插值方法改进传统灰色GM(1,1)预测模型背景值,避免了Runge现象,达到提高预测精度的目的,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

邓丽君歌曲流行之成因探析

邓丽君在短短的四十二年生涯中驾轻就熟地演绎着多种语言、各种类型的歌曲,成就之高、影响之广造就了一个“邓丽君时代”．邓不仅在中国流行音乐史上起着承前启后的作用,在整个世界华语乐坛上都有着深远影响。她的成功与流行与时代文化背景、大众社会心理、传播方式等有着密不可分的关系,是特定条件下的特定现象。文章主要对此作针对性的分析,使这一重要音乐现象得以理论升华。     

Does current behaviour predict the course of children's physical fitness?

Abstract

The secular trend of reduced physical fitness (PF) leads to increased health risks. The aim of the present paper is to analyse various current factors that affect health behaviour with respect to the course of PF over 2 years. A path analysis combined with a latent growth curve analysis was based on a study that was conducted between June 2008 and June 2010 with 145 primary German school children (52.1% male, average age at baseline 7.95 years ± 0.95). PF was tested with the German Motor Test 6–18. For the mean PF and the course of PF, direct and indirect influences were shown over three levels, including migration background on the first level and physical activity (PA) on the second level. Body mass index (BMI) impacted the mean PF but not the course of PF. The influence of sedentary behaviour on the mean PF was diminished (compared to bivariate analysis) due to its common variance mainly with BMI. PA affected not only current PF in children but also the course of PF (a_intercept = .28, P = .001; a_slope = .27, P = .21). Consequently, preventive measures should focus on early adoption and maintenance of PA.