Effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise on body composition,glycaemic and lipid profile and aerobic capacity of obese rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats.     

Dribbling determinants in sub-elite youth soccer players

Dribbling speed in soccer is considered critical to the outcome of the game and can assist in the talent identification process. However, little is known about the biomechanics of this skill. By means of a motion capture system, we aimed to quantitatively investigate the determinants of effective dribbling skill in a group of 10 Under-13 sub-elite players, divided by the median-split technique according to their dribbling test time (faster and slower groups). Foot-ball contacts cadence, centre of mass (CoM), ranges of motion (RoM), velocity and acceleration, as well as stride length, cadence and variability were computed. Hip and knee joint RoMs were also considered. Faster players, as compared to slower players, showed a 30% higher foot-ball cadence (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 contacts · s^?1, P < 0.01); reduced CoM mediolateral (0.91 ± 0.05 vs. 1.14 ± 0.16 m, P < 0.05) and vertical (0.19 ± 0.01 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 m, P < 0.05) RoMs; higher right stride cadence (+20%, P < 0.05) with lower variability (P < 0.05); reduced hip and knee flexion RoMs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, faster players are able to run with the ball through a shorter path in a more economical way. To effectively develop dribbling skill, coaches are encouraged to design specific practices where high stride frequency and narrow run trajectories are required.     

Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese women

The purpose of this study was to evaluate two practical interval training protocols on cardiorespiratory fitness, lipids and body composition in overweight/obese women. Thirty women (mean ± SD; weight: 88.1 ± 15.9 kg; BMI: 32.0 ± 6.0 kg · m²) were randomly assigned to ten 1-min high-intensity intervals (90%VO₂ peak, 1 min recovery) or five 2-min high-intensity intervals (80–100% VO₂ peak, 1 min recovery) or control. Peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak), peak power output (PPO), body composition and fasting blood lipids were evaluated before and after 3 weeks of training, completed 3 days per week. Results from ANCOVA analyses demonstrated no significant training group differences for any primary variables (P > 0.05). When training groups were collapsed, 1MIN and 2MIN resulted in a significant increase in PPO (?18.9 ± 8.5 watts; P = 0.014) and time to exhaustion (?55.1 ± 16.4 s; P = 0.001); non-significant increase in VO₂ peak (?2.36 ± 1.34 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1; P = 0.185); and a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) (??1.96 ± 0.99 kg; P = 0.011). Short-term interval exercise training may be effective for decreasing FM and improving exercise tolerance in overweight and obese women.     

八段锦竞赛功法对大学生机体自由基代谢和身体形态影响的研究

目的:探索健身气功·八段锦(竞赛功法)对大学生机体自由基代谢和身体形态的影响。方法:主要采用实验法,随机抽取2014级康保系男生和女生各20人,持续进行4个月的功法习练,观察血脂和生理机能的变化。结果:大学生经过4个月的功法习练后,3个时间点测试SOD、CAT和大腿围指标呈上升趋势,MDA、XOD和腰臀比指标呈下降趋势,差异具有统计学意义;测试体重、体重指数和大臂围3项指标没有显著性差异。结论:健身气功·八段锦(竞赛功法)对大学生机体脏腑、固肾壮腰、提振精神、防治疲劳、改善血液循环、提高腰腹柔韧和腿部力量等方面有重要帮助。     

中外女排比赛接拦回球效果及失误原因的比较分析

中外女排比赛中接拦回球数量仍然较多,占扣球总数的14%左右,比赛中80%左右的拦回球落在3m线前区域。中国女排接拦回球的效果好于日本女排、塞尔维亚女排和多米尼加女排,但与巴西女排、美国女排相比差距较大,同俄罗斯女排、意大利女排接拦回球的效果相差不大。接拦回球失误的主要原因有接拦回球队员反应跟不上造成无防守动作形成失误,其次是接拦回球队员防守意识不强未及时进入防守位置形成失误。中国女排应加强接拦回球跟进保护意识培养,努力提高各种倒地和单手垫球技术,从而提高接拦回球能力。     

冬泳运动对中老年人身体成分的影响分析

对齐齐哈尔市冬泳协会的116名冬泳爱好者进行身体成分测试。结果显示：长期进行冬泳运动,可以改善中老年人的身体成分,降低体脂百分比和肥胖发生率,提高身体素质,对预防心血管疾病及老年性骨质疏松具有积极意义。     

浅谈女子竞技健美操力量训练方法

竞技健美操对力量素质的要求越来越高 ,它已成为决定运动成绩的主要因素之一 ,本文就女子竞技健美操运动员在力量训练中手段的选择以及上肢力量、下肢力量、腰腹力量训练的方法和注意事项进行了论述 .     

学校经营的主体

学校是人才产品的基地，要顺利实现人才产品的生产经营，我们应该关注学校经营的主体，特别是学校经营的产权主体、经营主体、服务主体、消费主体、利益主体等，对其深入研究，明确认识，把握本质，这将有利于我国教育市场的开放和学校教育的健康发展。     

青少年跨栏运动中的身体素质训练

本文从如何处理青少年时期,生长发育规律与发展身体素质的关系,提高身体素质与改进掌握跨栏技术的关系等方面阐述了青少年跨栏运动中身体素质训练的重要性.体现了身体素质训练在培养青少年优秀跨栏运动员中的作用.     

高师油画人体课教学散论

目前，在高师油画人体课教学中，既无统一的高师油画教材，又无独立完整的教学大纲。为此，探讨人体怎样才能成为艺术，把握表现人体的技能技巧，掌握正确的认识和观察方法，培养学生的创造性思维，对高师油画人体课教学实践有很大的促进作用。