晋商在恰克图市场上居于垄断地位的经济学分析

恰克图贸易是明清时期晋商的经营活动中为数不多的对外贸易之一,晋商从事恰克图贸易的动机是为了获取利润。晋商垄断地位形成的原因：茶的不可替代性是自然原因;政府特许是制度原因;规模经济是晋帮茶商垄断地位形成的经济基础。     

从文学文本走向茶诗经典——论《七碗茶》在后代的传播与接受

《七碗茶》是后代广为熟知的饮茶经典,《七碗茶》从普通文本走向茶诗经典,除了茶诗本体固有的内在精华之外,更为重要的则是后代各类爱茶群体对于《七碗茶》的广泛青睐,开拓了其传播与接受的广度与深度。     

Silicatescape – preserving building materials in the old urban center landscape: The case of the silicate brick and urban planning in Tel Aviv-Jaffa

In November 20th 2007 Tel Aviv-Jaffa Municipality confirmed its list of buildings earmarked for conservation. The confirmation was related only to Tel Aviv cultural heritage, the city that was founded in 1909, along the Mediterranean seashore, next to old Jaffa. The list was published 4 years after part of the old urban center of Tel Aviv was nominated as World Heritage Site for its architectural uniqueness (Tel Aviv the White City). The list and the nomination were focused on architectural styles, which are based on building material, the silicate brick, used in Israel throughout the years 1918–1948. This building material and technology left its imprint on Tel Aviv's landscape and is also a part of Tel Aviv's history and development. In spite of its importance, all concerned in Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality and urban planning, have totally ignored this phenomenon.The thrust of this discussion is that the silicate bricks phenomenon, a building material and technology, due to its importance to Tel Aviv heritage and its vast distribution in Tel Aviv landscape, should be integrated into the current urban renewal development process in the old city of Tel Aviv. The discovery of its history and its role in Tel Aviv cultural heritage will change the attitudes of Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality to this building material; instead of a vernacular phenomena, a common brick or a frequent building technology, it will get a better appreciation. Urban landscapes of many cities around the world are based on vernacular phenomena, which are ignored by the urban municipalities. The silicate case should serve as an example of the role of a vernacular heritage, and in this case a common building material, in the urban renewal and conservation process.     

主题网关构建研究——以茶主题网关为例

主题网关是近年来兴起的一种提供精选优质资源的网络信息导航服务工具。在茶主题网关构建实验过程中,对主题网关的定义、特征和功能及构建方法进行了探讨,对信息组织技术在主题网关构建中的应用进行了分析,重点讨论了情报检索语言,如分类、主题等方法在主题网关构建中的应用,总结了茶主题网关的二次文献特征,介绍了索引方法在茶主题网关中的应用。     

中国茶叶国际竞争力分析与政策建议

本文运用FAO的统计资料，利用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势、生产者价格指数3个显性评价指标和单产这个隐性评价指标，测算了20世纪80年代以来中国与印度、斯里兰卡、肯尼亚和印尼茶叶的国际竞争力变化。分析表明，中国茶叶在4个评价指标上基本处于劣势地位,尤其表现在显示性比较优势、生产者价格指数和单产3个指标上。本文基于波特教授的“国家钻石”模型中国际竞争力的5个决定因素，提出提升中国茶叶国际竞争力的相应对策与建议:①在要素禀赋层面，重点解决低下的要素的生产率问题，要创造新的生产要素并将之导入茶叶产业;②在公司层面，要顺应国际茶叶竞争潮流，推行联合规模经营，走名茶名牌之路;③在关联产业层面，要积极发展专业化生产，为茶叶生产提供专业性的生产资料;④在需求层面，要在稳固传统市场的基础上，大力开拓新兴市场，降低出口市场的集中度;⑤在政府层面，要明确在WTO框架下的职能边界，重点解决好茶叶的标准化问题，从源头和末端对混乱的茶叶出口秩序进行有效的治理。与其它4个层面相比，对茶叶产业而言，政府的行为可能更为关键，因为中国的实际情况决定了这一点。     

环太湖地区六大名泉的水质分析

历史名泉是我国茶文化旅游资源中的重要元素。为了客观评价环太湖地区现存历史名泉水质,进而进行资源保护并为科学开发提供依据,本文从环太湖地区旅游景点的著名茶事井泉中选择6个井泉分别采集水样,对泉水的感观性状、一般理化性状、毒理指标和微生物数量等24项指标进行了检测分析。结果显示,现存参检名泉水中铅、硝酸盐超标,部分水样的可溶性固体和微生物含量超标,这些泉水不能直接饮用;按照地下水环境质量标准(GB/T14848-1993)进行综合评价,卓锡泉、虎丘泉、惠山泉都达到Ⅱ类地下水,金沙泉、无碍泉、憨憨泉仅达到Ⅳ类地下水。水质分析的结果表明对环太湖地区现存历史名泉的保护刻不容缓。     

茶小绿叶蝉优势种的归属的分子依据

从中国农业科学院茶叶研究所的国家茶树资源圃随机采集茶小绿叶蝉个体,用RAPD标记技术,拟从DNA水平上探索茶小绿叶蝉个体间的遗传距离和亲缘关系,为茶小绿叶蝉优势种的归属提供分子水平上的依据。所选的14个随机引物共扩增出81条谱带,59条多态性条带,多态性为72．84％,表明叶蝉个体间有较丰富的遗传多样性,但未发现可以区别不同种的特异性条带和引物。UPGMA法聚类分析也表明,叶蝉个体间遗传距离在0．17～0．46之间,说明茶小绿叶蝉的遗传基础较一致,存在异种的可能性几乎没有。本文为茶小绿叶蝉的优势种的归属提供了一定的分子基础,结合前人对茶小绿叶蝉的形态学研究,认为茶小绿叶蝉的优势种为假眼小绿叶蝉,小绿叶蝉未在茶园中未形成种群。     

云南普洱茶渥堆过程中的主要微生物初探

通过对云南普洱茶渥堆过程中微生物的种类、数量变化和形态特征的研究表明：主要微生物有黑曲霉属(Aspergillius niger)、青霉属(Penicllium)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、灰绿曲霉属(Aspergillius gloucus)、酵母属(Saccharomyces)、细菌类(Bacterium)、黑曲霉数量始终处于优势地位。酵母菌的总数居次，细菌数目极少。     

茶多酚延缓皮肤光老化的药效学实验研究

目的:观察茶多酚对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老小鼠皮肤光老化程度的影响,探讨茶多酚延缓皮肤光老化作用。方法:用紫外线模拟日光照射建立小鼠皮肤光老化模型,给以茶多酚灌胃及外涂治疗,结束后测定皮肤中丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),以及皮肤中成纤维细胞数目和羟脯氨酸含量。结果:模型小鼠与正常小鼠比较,MDA含量升高而SOD活性下降,成纤维细胞数目和羟脯氨酸含量明显下降;茶多酚可明显提高光老化小鼠皮肤中SOD活性以及成纤维细胞数目和羟脯氨酸含量,并使皮肤MDA含量降低。结论:茶多酚具有延缓皮肤光老化作用。     

‘A Dangerous Revolutionary Force Amongst Us’

ABSTRACT

Historians of nineteenth-century British tea consumption have highlighted the function of the substance as an index of middle-class civility and marker of national identity. In this article, I maintain that concerns about tea drinking were equally prominent throughout the late Victorian period. As medical practitioners increasingly intervened in food matters, apprehension about the physiological and psychological consequences of increasing access to tea in working-class communities proliferated. This pessimistic discourse can be firmly situated in the context of broader debates about national decline, physical and mental deterioration, the subversion of gender roles in the domestic sphere and Imperial expansion.