试论提高我国科技竞争力的若干问题

科技竞争力是当前国际国内普遍关注的一个问题.我国科技竞争力仍比较弱,在发展科学技术方面还存在若干问题.发展科学技术,提高科技竞争力要从增强科技意识、进行自主创新、加强对科技发展和运用工作的领导、健全企业技术创新机制、强化知识产权管理、科技投入多元化、加快发展高科技企业及提高全民科学文化素质等方面努力.     

The development and initial validation of a questionnaire of inclusive teachers’ competency for meeting special educational needs in regular classrooms in China

The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument of inclusive teachers’ competencies for teaching students with special educational needs in China. Data were obtained from a preliminary and large-scale investigation in Beijing. The primary analyses included exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings indicated that Chinese inclusive teachers’ competency is underpinned by four factors: teaching and instruction; communication and cooperation; attitudes and beliefs; and reflection and development. The four-factor model was obtained with satisfactory reliability and validity. The validated questionnaire generated a theoretical understanding of inclusive education teachers’ competency in China. In addition, the findings of the study provided knowledge that will allow for the development of professional standards and teacher education programmes for inclusive education.     

聋校优秀教师的胜任力特征

为了解聋校优秀教师的胜任力特征,本研究采用行为事件访谈技术,对14名聋校教师进行访谈。通过对叙述的关键事件的分析编码以及对不同绩效教师胜任特征的比较,提取出聋校优秀教师鉴别性胜任特征。研究发现优秀组和普通组教师在11项胜任特征的平均分上存在显著差异,聋校教师鉴别性胜任特征包括以生为本导向、人际沟通能力、专业知识与技能、工作主动积极性、自我激励、责任心、自信心、组织管理能力、自我控制力、成就导向、挑战与创新等。根据研究结果提出的聋校教师鉴别性胜任特征,在聋校教师评优、晋级、奖励等过程中有一定应用价值。     

Developing cultural competency in higher education: an agenda for practice

As a result of changing national values and unrest, demographic and population shifts, and ever-changing admissions practices and policies, implementing a diversity and cultural-competency agenda within university settings has become a priority across the UK, Europe, and US. Furthermore, public institutions across the UK, EU, and US are now more racially and ethnically diverse than ever [Snyder, T. D., C. Debray, and S. A. Dillow. 2016. ‘Digest of Education Statistics 2016.’ NCES 2016-006. National Centre for Education Statistics; Sursock, Andree. 2015. Trends 2015: Learning and Teaching in European Universities. European University Association. Accessed October 28 2017. www.eua.be/Libraries/publicationshomepage-list/EUA_Trends_2015_web.]. Yet, cultural competency efforts on campuses remain largely under theorized [Bezrukova, K., K. A. Jehn, and C. S. Spell. 2012. “Reviewing Diversity Training: Where We Have Been and Where We Should Go.” Academy of Management Learning and Education 11 (2): 207–227] and diffuse [Sue, S., D. C. Fujino, L. T. Hu, D. T. Takeuchi, and N. W. Zane. 1991. ‘Community Mental Health Services for Ethnic Minority Groups: A Test of the Cultural Responsiveness Hypothesis.’ Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59 (4): 533–540]. This article seeks to outline an agenda for this work, highlighting outcomes of cultural competency learning and underscoring the role of campus leadership in the development of supportive characteristics. These characteristics include attention to shared knowledge, professional learning at all levels of the organization, inclusive instructional methods, integration with other campus initiatives, and inclusivity of diversity foci. Posited are six supportive conditions for successful implementation.     

经理人创新胜任力及其对技术创新模式的影响机制

明确经理人创新胜任力的组成,通过个体和组织层面的组织承诺与组织学习分析经理人创新胜任力对技术创新模式的影响路径。以全国182家制造及高新技术企业为对象进行调研,运用多元回归等方法统计检验。研究表明:由创新动力、创新能力和创新空间组成的经理人创新胜任力越强,企业越倾向于采取突变式创新;组织承诺和组织学习在经理人创新胜任力与技术创新模式之间存在部分中介作用;企业创新文化越强,经理人创新胜任力越需要通过组织承诺和组织学习传递其对技术创新模式选择的影响。     

基于核心能力的购并整合

本首先对购并的意义进行了分析，指出协同效应是购并价值的主要体现，为了实现有效的协同，需要从购并并目标对象的选择和购并后的整合两个方面开展工作，购并前目标对象的选择需要遵循相关性原则；购并后整合的核心是核心能力的转移，对此章围绕技能和知识，企业化，管理系统和组织机制四个方面进行了讨论。     

以培养能力为核心的Access数据库教学改革探讨

针对高校非计算机专业Access数据库教学方法和教学目的之间存在较大差距,在分析Access数据库课程教学现状的基础上,提出以提高学生的学习能力、实践能力、创新能力为目的教学思路,结合实际教学经验,在Access数据库教学改革中取得了良好的效果。     

大学生创业胜任力研究

大学生创业胜任力受智商因素、情商因素及健康因素的影响,且创业胜任力的高低直接影响到创业绩效。大学生创业胜任力的培养是一项复杂的社会工程,需政府、社会及高校等多方协力构建比较完善的支持系统,也需要大学生加强学习和实践,着力培养自身的创业胜任力。     

新建地方本科院校教师本科教学胜任力与工作绩效的关系研究——以新余学院为例

本研究通过对新余学院50名教师进行问卷调查,来探讨教师本科教学胜任力与工作绩效的关系。结果发现:胜任力及各因子对工作绩效、任务绩效、人际促进因子和工作奉献因子都有显著的正向预测作用。     

中小学教师胜任力模型:一项行为事件访谈研究

运用行为事件访谈(BEI)技术访谈31名中小学教师,并通过对叙述的180个关键事件的主题分析和行为编码以及对不同绩效教师胜任特征的差异比较,构建了中小学教师胜任力模型。模型包括11项鉴别性胜任特征和11项基准性胜任特征前者具有区分能力,可用于制定评优和奖惩标准;后者为教师共有,是教师入职必备品质,可用于教师任职资格标准的制定。经聚类分析,这些特征可分为服务特征、自我特征、成就特征、认知特征、管理特征、个人特质六大胜任特征群。