Silicatescape – preserving building materials in the old urban center landscape: The case of the silicate brick and urban planning in Tel Aviv-Jaffa

In November 20th 2007 Tel Aviv-Jaffa Municipality confirmed its list of buildings earmarked for conservation. The confirmation was related only to Tel Aviv cultural heritage, the city that was founded in 1909, along the Mediterranean seashore, next to old Jaffa. The list was published 4 years after part of the old urban center of Tel Aviv was nominated as World Heritage Site for its architectural uniqueness (Tel Aviv the White City). The list and the nomination were focused on architectural styles, which are based on building material, the silicate brick, used in Israel throughout the years 1918–1948. This building material and technology left its imprint on Tel Aviv's landscape and is also a part of Tel Aviv's history and development. In spite of its importance, all concerned in Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality and urban planning, have totally ignored this phenomenon.The thrust of this discussion is that the silicate bricks phenomenon, a building material and technology, due to its importance to Tel Aviv heritage and its vast distribution in Tel Aviv landscape, should be integrated into the current urban renewal development process in the old city of Tel Aviv. The discovery of its history and its role in Tel Aviv cultural heritage will change the attitudes of Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality to this building material; instead of a vernacular phenomena, a common brick or a frequent building technology, it will get a better appreciation. Urban landscapes of many cities around the world are based on vernacular phenomena, which are ignored by the urban municipalities. The silicate case should serve as an example of the role of a vernacular heritage, and in this case a common building material, in the urban renewal and conservation process.     

生态廊道在水土保持上的效益

水土保持一直是台湾发展史上不可或缺的重要预防工作，在1951年由农复会（农委会前身）着手实施，直至今日已累积了长达50多年的经验，其实施的目标有农地水土保持、减少土壤冲蚀、增加农地生产力、山坡地保育利用与管理、坡地绿美化、集水区保育、治山防灾、土石流防治、教育宣导等多项功能。挑战2008-国家发展重点计划中“水与绿建设计划”指出将整合国家公园与国家自然森林之范围予以永续经营管理，建构全岛生态廊道，并透过长期对生态及物种之调查监测，进行生物多样性之保育。“生态廊道”即是将破碎的生态栖地采后天补偿的方式，以最不影响该栖地之方法，将数个异质性的区块加以连结，来达成物种多样性保育的功能。所以，规划有效的生态廊道除了提供物种迁移时所需的安全庇护空间与食物的来源外，更重要的是增加生物族群间基因的交流和避免区域性的物种灭绝，预防更大规模形式的生物灭绝发生。本研究目标将探讨规划生态廊道在水土保持事业里的效益，以水土保持方法中的农艺与植生方法来评估成效，期许“生态廊道”与“水土保持”这两项国家重点计划得以相辅相成，同时奠定台湾生物资源与水土资源永续发展之基石。     

浙江丽水白云山种子植物多样性研究

对白云山种子植物多样性进行了研究。据统计，种子植物1021种，隶属127科502属，其中裸子植物8种，25属，49种；被子植物119科，477属，972种。502属中地理成分以泛热带分布为主，其次为北温带分布，再次为东亚分布。珍稀濒危保护植物15种。在此基础上，提出了保护植物多样性应采取的对策。     

浅谈高校图书馆藏书卫生与图书保护工作

从读者与高校图书馆工作人员健康及图书保护的角度出发,分析影响高校图书馆藏书卫生及损害图书的因素,并提出应对书库进行杀虫、灭菌等防范措施。对高校图书馆做好藏书卫生工作及图书保护方面提供一些借鉴。     

交流变频调速技术节能应用分析

介绍了交流变频调速类型、基本原理和节能原理及分析,并在有关行业生产过程中,采用变频调速技术,实现节能、改善工艺、提高了产品质量,并阐述了变频调速技术(或装置)存在的优点,以及发展趋势.     

The Social and Historic Construction of Professional Values in Conservation

Summary

This paper discusses the social history of the emergence of conservation as a profession distinct from traditional restoration. It proposes that the development of conservation as a distinct field came about through the evolution of an existing area of practice, in a changing conceptual climate which increasingly acknowledged the necessity for, and the legitimacy of the scientific model. This paper considers the changes in societal values that led conservators to hold their present ethical principles, values and beliefs, focusing on two in particular: the importance of preserving the integrity of the object, and the belief that the best way to do this is through the application of science.     

Spread or Sacrifice: Dilemma for Lighting Policies

ABSTRACT

Light sensitive objects will fade on display. Collection managers and curators face the dilemma whether to spread fading over several similar objects or sacrifice one. This paper describes an experiment in which participants were asked how they would want to pass on a collection of seventeenth century hand-coloured maps to coming generations. Results show that while colour changes are hardly visible, both public and professionals do not perceive them as damage and prefer to spread fading. Once fading becomes clearly visible in all maps, the preference shifts to sacrificing one map. The tipping point lies around five just noticeable changes. This information can be used when selecting objects for exhibition. The outcome also implies it would be prudent to assess the degree of fading of much exhibited objects and consider whether and when to choose for a sacrifice strategy.     

科学发展与生态文明

新世纪新阶段,我国经济社会发展面临着越来越大的资源环境压力,粗放型经济增长方式难以为继,为此提出以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局.科学发展观是在深刻认识中国基本国情和阶段性特征的基础上提出来的,是对世界上多种发展理论的借鉴和提升,同时也与我国当前在国际产业链中的地位、国内产业结构的特点以及工业化与城镇化并举战略密不可分.而建设生态文明是科学发展观的必然要求,这可以从中国传统文化中的天人调谐思想和生态伦理智慧中吸取丰富的营养,要求我们必须重估自然资源的价值,整合生态伦理观念,考虑生态环境的承载能力,并大力发展循环经济.     

西北地区植被保持土壤效应评估

植被的土壤保持功能评估是生态安全研究中的重要内容之一.现有研究中缺乏较大尺度、较高精度的土壤保持估算.基于通用水土流失方程与年尺度风蚀预报方程,估算西北地区土壤现实侵蚀量与潜在侵蚀量,得出植被土壤保持物质量与价值量,并进行土壤保持效益分区.结果表明:植被土壤水蚀保持量高值集中在秦巴山区一带,其值超过5000t/(hm2·a);青海东南部三江源地区植被土壤水蚀保持量在(500～2000)t/(hm2·a);而1万t/(hm2.a)以上的植被土壤风蚀保持量样本很少,集中在天山、西祁连山、三江源三大区域;沙漠内部几乎不发生植被土壤保持作用.单位面积价值量大于2亿元/km2的像元几乎全部位于陕南和陇东南的秦巴山区中.黄土高原土壤保持价值量也多在1000万元/kim2以上.最后统计土壤保持价值总量,进行县域单元的土壤保持生态效益分级,并阐述了4种县域生态建设定位.     

黄土高原水土保持工程措施的生态系统服务

黄土高原严重的水土流失是黄河泥沙的主要来源。自1950s以来大规模实施的水土保持工程建设是黄土高原水土流失治理的重要举措,在减少入黄泥沙方面做出了巨大贡献。水土保持工程措施通过直接或间接地作用于坡面、沟道的水文过程和物质迁移过程等,改变了水资源和土壤资源的时空分配格局,在土壤保持、粮食供给、水文调节等方面发挥了重要作用,对黄河流域生态安全具有重要贡献。本文系统综述了黄土高原水土保持工程措施的发展演变,阐述了水土保持工程措施对水土过程的作用机制及对关键生态系统服务的贡献,探讨了新形势下黄土高原水土保持工程措施建设面临的问题、挑战。在此基础上提出今后黄土高原水土保持工程措施应加强维护和管理,提升应对极端气候事件和自然灾害的能力,面向国家生态文明建设和区域社会经济发展需求,统筹工程措施与植被措施,进行科学的设计与合理的时空配置,以维护黄土高原及黄河流域生态安全、维持和提升区域生态系统服务功能及社会经济效益。