英语教学中语言形式与语言意义兼顾问题的思考

在贯彻应用英语任务型教学的过程中，要正确理解外语教学的本质，避免从过去的偏重语言形式走向偏重语言意义。偏重语言形式和偏重语言意义都有其不可避免的缺陷，只有语言形式和语言意义并重。教学效果才会理想。     

Influence of using challenging tasks in biology classrooms on students’ cognitive knowledge structure: an empirical video study

Empirical analysis of secondary biology classrooms revealed that, on average, 68% of teaching time in Germany revolved around processing tasks. Quality of instruction can thus be assessed by analyzing the quality of tasks used in classroom discourse. This quasi-experimental study analyzed how teachers used tasks in 38 videotaped biology lessons pertaining to the topic ‘blood and circulatory system’. Two fundamental characteristics used to analyze tasks include: (1) required cognitive level of processing (e.g. low level information processing: repetiition, summary, define, classify and high level information processing: interpret-analyze data, formulate hypothesis, etc.) and (2) complexity of task content (e.g. if tasks require use of factual, linking or concept level content). Additionally, students’ cognitive knowledge structure about the topic ‘blood and circulatory system’ was measured using student-drawn concept maps (N?=?970 students). Finally, linear multilevel models were created with high-level cognitive processing tasks and higher content complexity tasks as class-level predictors and students’ prior knowledge, students’ interest in biology, and students’ interest in biology activities as control covariates. Results showed a positive influence of high-level cognitive processing tasks (β?=?0.07; p?.01) on students’ cognitive knowledge structure. However, there was no observed effect of higher content complexity tasks on students’ cognitive knowledge structure. Presented findings encourage the use of high-level cognitive processing tasks in biology instruction.     

计算二维映象拓扑熵的方法

本文研究了两种计算二维映象拓扑熵的方法。一种是用从哈密顿量得到耗散映象轨道的方法,根据拓扑熵的定义,通过计算二维映象的不稳定周期轨道数,以Hnon映象为例,研究了拓扑熵随不可积参数变化的规律。另一种是从拓扑熵、测度熵和Lyapunov指数的定义出发,研究三者之间的一般关系,通过计算映象运动轨道的Lyapunov指数,以二维“标准映象”为例,研究了拓扑熵与参数之间的关系。     

Using an improved virtual learning environment for engineering students

In recent years, e-learning has been used in a chemical engineering subject in the final course of a mining engineering degree, a subject concerned with fuel technology. The low results obtained by students in this subject have led the teacher to search for new strategies to increase grades. Such strategies have consisted of incorporating into the existing virtual environment a dynamics of work with conceptual maps and a consideration of the different learning styles in the classroom. In an attempt to adapt teaching to the individual methods of learning for each student, various activities aimed at strengthening different learning styles have been proposed and concept maps have been used to create meaningful learning experiences. In addition, different modalities of assessment have been proposed, which can be selected by each student according to his or her particular method of learning to avoid penalising one style preference in contrast to another. This combination of e-learning, use of concept maps and catering for different learning styles has involved the implementation of the improved virtual learning environment. This has led to an increase in participation in the subject and has improved student assessment results.     

概念图在数学教学中的应用

作者在几年的数学教学中,逐步尝试应用概念图,收到了较好的教学效果,从中我也摸索出概念图制作使用的一些方法并总结出概念图在教学中的作用。教师在实际的教学中要重视概念图的作用,合理地运用概念图,最大限度地优化教学,提高教学质量和教学效果。     

Making the Cyrillic OPAC a Reality

SUMMARY

The steps leading to the development of a Cyrillic OPAC at Queens Borough Public Library are presented by the authors. Issues covered include Cyrillic character display, font requirements, searching strategies, web browser interface development, authority and subject control, promotion, and publicity. The importance of librarian and customer involvement and training are discussed.     

Data Rules: How Mapping Technology Drives Better Customer Service

Is your library market-driven, product-driven or customer-driven? New internet-based data and tools are now available for public libraries that enable you to be customer-driven—for your own unique service area. This article shows how three library systems are using these tools—focused on market segmentation data and geographic information system (GIS) technology—to deliver more relevant customer services. Each solution described in the article was developed in close collaboration between CIVICTechnologies and the library, involving research to understand the library's objectives and desired outcomes, and using the data needed to meet each library's unique challenge.     

A Guide to Online Map and Mapping Resources

SUMMARY

Quality online maps and mapping resources, while indispensable to library users, can be challenging to locate. The range of available map types continues to expand and includes road maps, historical collections, political and physical atlases as well as maps and images of the moon and certain planets. Interactive mapping sites continue to grow and provide unique opportunities for users to interact with socioeconomic, historic, and physical data while creating unique and personalized maps. This article serves to highlight the best online resources for both map image collections and interactive mapping sites found on the Internet today.