广东省青少年男子摔跤运动员血常规检测分析

通过对广东省8名青少年男子摔跤运动员血色素、血尿素氮和血清肌酸激酶连续3周的检测,结合训练情况对测试结果进行分析,提出科学化训练的建议。     

运动训练对核转录因子kappaB信号通路及炎性基因影响的研究进展

NF-κB(核转录因子-kappaB)信号通路在机体的免疫应答、细胞增殖、凋亡和生长发育中发挥重要作用。运动训练过程中机体产生的活性氧以及运动性肌肉损伤激活了NF-κB信号通路,对NF-κB活性的影响与运动训练的持续时间、频率和强度有关。急性剧烈运动导致了NF-κB活性一过性提高;长期有规律的运动训练能够降低由于衰老和慢性炎症反应而上调的NF-κB的活性;长期剧烈的运动训练导致了NF-κB的慢性持续激活,使通路上各指标的表达发生变化,细胞核中聚集NF-κB的亚基p65浓度增多,转录靶基因,从而使炎性基因的表达大幅度升高,一方面放大机体固有免疫系统对抗运动性应激,另一方面参与了骨骼肌运动性慢性炎症的形成。     

运动性骨骼肌损伤相关指标的实验研究

探讨血清肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)以及波形蛋白(Vimentin)与骨骼肌损伤的关系,将50只8周龄SD大鼠随机分为安静组(C)和运动组(B1,B2,B3,B4),运动组进行重复3 d的力竭性离心运动,电镜和光镜检测骨骼肌损伤病理生理变化,分光光度法检测大鼠血清CK、LDH的变化和免疫组化检测波形蛋白的表达。结果显示:1)血清CK、LDH出现时程变化,并与骨骼肌损伤出现了一致性;2)波形蛋白免疫反应分值呈现时程性。结论:1)CK可作为骨骼肌损伤的间接指标;2)波形蛋白的表达暗示着骨骼肌损伤后的再生。     

缺氧诱导因子在常氧条件下的调节

缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1α)对细胞内缺氧应答起着关键的作用,目前的研究主要集中在其缺氧条件下的机制调节。实际上,含氧量正常条件下,缺氧诱导因子同样可以通过不同的受体介导因子,如生长因子和细胞因子达到同样的目的。综合缺氧诱导因子常氧条件下调节的有关机制以对其有更全面的了解。     

血清肌酸激酶、血尿素氮对武术套路运动员赛前训练监控的应用研究

为探讨血清肌酸激酶、血尿素氮对武术套路运动训练监控的可行性 ,对 2 4名武术套路运动员赛前训练负荷进行了指标的测试。结果表明 :在周大负荷训练后血清肌酸激酶活性升高显著 ,可作为评价武术套路运动员训练负荷的敏感性指标 ,而血尿素氮含量升高并不明显 ,表明血尿素氮对武术套路运动员训练负荷的监测敏感度不高 ;在大强度间歇训练后 ,运动员血清 CK活性显示 ,院队各组比专项班各组升高显著、且恢复慢 ,各组内男子比女子升高幅度大 ,说明 CK活性的变化也受性别的影响 ,血尿素氮含量说明 4个整套的负荷量较大。提示 :教练员在提高强度的同时严格控制负荷量 ,绝对不能出现量和强度同步增加的情况 ,以免运动员机体出现过度疲劳。     

不同强度运动对大鼠骨骼肌蛋白合成信号影响的研究

摘要：目的：本研究旨在研究不同强度的急性运动对骨骼肌蛋白合成信号的影响,以期能深入阐明运动对骨骼肌蛋白合成代谢的调控机理。方法：8周龄SD雄鼠分别进行不同强度的跑台运动,于运动后即刻、6h 和12h 取材白腓肠肌。BCA法测肌肉蛋白浓度,Western Blot法测肌肉MHC和AR、mTOR、p70S6K、4EBP1、MEK、ERK和p90RSK的磷酸化。结果：①骨骼肌AR磷酸化在中强度运动后即刻、恢复期6h和12h分别增加13%、20%和14%,而在高强度运动后分别增加16%、57%和37%;②mTOR磷酸化在中强度和高强度运动后3个时间点均显著增加,分别增加19%、37%、4%和28%、53%、4%;p70S6K磷酸化分别增加28%、76%、18%和33%、96%、25%。4EBP1磷酸化分别增加18%、33%、7%和25%、44%、5%;③MEK磷酸化在在中强度和高强度运动后3个时间点均显著增加,分别增加74%、22%、3%和106%、51%、24%。ERK磷酸化分别增加39%、29%、11%和55%、32%、22%。p90RSK磷酸化分别增加22%、16%、4%和35%、20%、6%。结论：①骨骼肌AR活性、mTOR通路和MAPK通路的活性均存在运动强度依赖性,前两者均于运动后恢复期6h达到最高值,后者于运动后即刻达到最高值。②在运动后的恢复期中,AR活性在mTOR通路和MAPK通路大幅回落之后,仍保持较高的活性。     

血清肌酸激酶与运动训练控制

随着科技的进步,不同运动项目竞技的科学训练化水平在不断提高,利用科学的手段与特定的生理、生化指标监控运动训练,最大限度地挖掘运动员的内在潜力,已成为广大教练员和科研人员共同的研究方向。CK与能量代谢关系密切,是机体ATP—CP供能系统的关键酶之一,不仅参与肌肉的收缩供能,还参与控制着糖酵解和线粒体。因此,在众多训练监控指标中血清CK成为教练员、科研人员最关注的重要测试指标之一。研究表明,运动与血清肌酸激酶(CK)密切相关,是用于监控和评定训练负荷、机能恢复情况的较敏感指标之一,大强度、大运动量训练或比赛可以导致血清CK显著性升高;随着强度的增加,如果不适应,其运动专项能力就会下降,如果适应,其专项能力会有所突破,CK上升幅度较低的运动员,专项成绩也难提高;血清CK对肌纤维损伤的预警作用;高原训练、营养药物的使用对CK有影响作用。在冬季运动项目、田径、游泳、自行车与其他项目的训练中,训练初期血清CK会有所上升,大负荷训练阶段血清CK和训练负荷呈正相关,且对运动强度的刺激尤为敏感。在训练过程中,教练员和科研人员要及时对运动员的血清CK进行监测,可以防止运动强度过大,导致损伤的发生,提高训练效果。     

Adverse effects of energy restriction on myogenic enzymes in judoists

In this study, we examined the effects of weight reduction by restricting energy intake on muscle function and serum concentrations of myogenic enzymes in judoists. Twenty-seven male judoists aged 19.3±0.6 years (mean±s) were divided into three groups based on the extent of body weight reduction: high weight reduction (height 1.70±0.05?m, body mass 78.5 ±13.6?kg), low weight reduction (height 1.70±0.05?m, body mass 80.7±13.1?kg) and a group that maintained body weight while continuing to perform exercise training (height 1.78± 0.07?m, body mass 78.7±8.8?kg). Body composition, blood biochemistry, energy intake and anaerobic power were assessed on four occasions: 20 days (baseline data), 4 days and 1 day before and 7 days after competition. Compared with baseline, body mass and fat-free mass were significantly lower 1 day before competition in the high and low weight reduction groups (both P?<0.01); these changes persisted for 7 days after competition in the high weight reduction group. Serum creatine kinase was significantly elevated 1 day before competition in all groups (all P?<0.05), and remained higher 7 days after competition in both the high and low weight reduction groups. Compared with baseline, maximal anaerobic power was significantly lower 1 day before competition only in the high weight reduction group (P?<0.01). Our results suggest that energy restriction in addition to intense exercise training before major competition has an adverse effect on anaerobic power and elevates serum creatine kinase concentration, leading to an impairment of muscular function and an increased susceptibility of muscle tissue to injury.     

The isolated and combined effects of selected physical activity and ibuprofen on delayed-onset muscle soreness

Delayed-onset muscle soreness refers to the skeletal muscle pain that is experienced following eccentric exercise. The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological effects of physical activity with or without ibuprofen on delayed onset muscle soreness. Forty-four non-athletic male volunteers (age 24.3?±?2.4 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: physical activity (n = 11), ibuprofen (n = 11), physical activity and ibuprofen (combination, n = 11), or control (n = 11). The physical activity programme comprised 5?min of walking and jogging, 10?min of static stretching of the hands and shoulder girdle, and 5?min of concentric movements with sub-maximal contractions. The total amount of ibuprofen consumed by a single individual was 2800?mg; this was taken from 1?h before the eccentric actions up to 48?h after it. Delayed onset muscle soreness was induced by performing 70 eccentric contractions of the biceps muscle of the non-dominant side on a modified arm curl machine. Perceived muscle soreness, maximal eccentric contraction, creatine kinase enzyme activity and elbow range of motion were assessed 1?h before and 1, 24 and 48?h after the eccentric actions. The results indicated that, after the eccentric actions, soreness increased (P?<?0.001) across time in all groups, with the highest values being recorded at 24?h. At 24 and 48?h, greater soreness (P <?0.001) was observed in the control group than in the physical activity and combination groups. After the eccentric actions, creatine kinase increased and was elevated (P?<?0.001) compared with baseline in all groups, with values returning to baseline in the physical activity and combination groups by 48?h. However, creatine kinase in the control and ibuprofen groups was still significantly higher than at baseline after 48?h. Creatine kinase was higher (P?<?0.001) in the control group than in physical activity and combination groups at 24 and 48?h. There was also a reduction (P?<?0.001) in elbow range of motion across time. This reduction in elbow range of motion was greater (P?<?0.001) in the control and ibuprofen groups than in the physical activity and combination groups at 1, 24 and 48?h. The reduction in maximum eccentric contraction was greater (P?<?0.001) in the control and ibuprofen groups than in the physical activity group at 24 and 48?h and the combination group at 48?h. In conclusion, the results add to our understanding of the effects of physical activity and the combination of physical activity and ibuprofen in reducing the severity of muscle soreness induced by eccentric exercise. Physical activity conducted before eccentric exercise alleviates muscle soreness. Our results indicate that physical activity with or without ibuprofen helps to prevent delayed-onset muscle soreness.     

黄参多糖对小鼠血清CK、LDH和MG、HG及运动耐力影响的研究

应用从黄参肉质根中提取出的黄参多糖（SGP）灌喂小鼠实验,结果显示SGP可明显增加MG、HG的含量,为运动提供快速的能源供应。还显示单纯运动的小鼠CK、LDH活性显著高于对照,而灌服SGP各组比单纯运动组都有所下降,并明显存在量效关系,其中以150mg.kg^-1剂量组效果最佳。实验为应用黄参多糖SGP作为运动营养补剂提供了理论依据。