对卡尔·波普尔批判理性主义思想的解读

波普尔认为,哲学没有任何它独有的方法,研究知识的增长的最好方法是研究科学知识的增长。在梳理《科学发现的逻辑》一书基本结构的基础上,概述波普尔的"批判理性主义"思想的形成及其主要观点,可以看出波普尔将科学游戏—即科学发现—的规则的研究结果称作"科学发现的逻辑"。     

Enhancing curricula and learning environments using critical realist perspectives and approaches: a case study and critique

While critical realist (CR) ontological and epistemological perspectives and research approaches are becoming more widely adopted by higher education researchers, the scope of research is relatively limited, and novice researchers in the area still struggle to create rich, in-depth, and critical accounts of these approaches ‘in action’. This article provides an account of teacher-researchers’ exploration of these perspectives in the context of an important aspect their everyday teaching practice – the design of effective curricula and learning environments. The context is research that focused on the design, evaluation, and enhancement of learning environments intended to facilitate students’ development of design thinking expertise. The article outlines the researchers’ CR paradigm positioning and implications for methodologies used to gather, analyse, and theorise data about the response of design and business students to three iterations of a design thinking learning environment. The research involved action research that integrated survey, case study, and theorising methodologies. Examples of data, analyses, and explanatory theory are provided to give insights into specific research tasks and their outcomes. Possible explanations for the findings and their implications for attempts to enhance the learning environment are considered from a CR perspective along with challenges that deploying these approaches may entail.     

Restoring realism: themes and variations

Abstract

In the critical tradition, environmental education discourse interrogates how knowledge constructs experience. But environmental education also emphasises perceiving, understanding and responding to “more-than-human” beings and processes. These two motivations are in tension. One problem is that the epistemological orientation driving the critique of knowledge seems to render access to something more-than-human a priori impossible. But environmental education squanders its promise and its dream if only ever permitted to talk about the natural world with scarequotes. Our field urgently needs to develop a realism robust against epistemologies that construct impassable barriers between humans and the rest of creation. I propose that this starts with radically reconceiving the nature and relationship between similarity and difference, interpreted in this article as the dynamic between theme and variations. Reworking Windelband’s distinction between idiographic and nomothetic research, I suggest that the relationship between theme and variation manifests a fundamental ontological pattern that pervades all things. “Theme and variation” proposes a unifying metaphysical duality in which the more-than-human reveals itself in how things suggest, conform to, modulate, and violate generalisation. Acknowledging and investigating this is part of restoring to other beings and processes their metaphysical, aesthetic, and ethical status, from the skies to the psyche.     

Disciplining Dalmar: a demand to uncover racism and racialization in pursuit of culturally relevant pedagogy

The need for multifaceted analyses of the relationships between how the United States acknowledges racism and how schooling can be structured to mitigate its negative impacts has never been greater, especially given rising attention to the racial “achievement gap.” In suburban, elite Pioneer City, a series of initiatives I will refer to as “the transformation” aimed to eliminate racial disparities in educational achievement through simultaneous efforts to redistribute students from a racially and economically isolated elementary school and train all district staff in a particular brand of culturally relevant pedagogy. This paper draws from a larger yearlong study in which I used critical ethnographic methods to explore tensions between a goal of systemic change and reproductive forces at play in Pioneer City Schools. Focusing on one third-grade student, I offer insights into how the school district’s equity-minded policy changes find their way into one classroom, both reflecting and complicating preexisting ways of viewing the role of race in young children’s lives.     

波普道德与科学关系思想解析

道德与科学，是波普一生最为关注的两个基本论题。在他那里，两者关系主要为：其一，道德在全部人的世界中处于最重要的地位，科学应该以伦理学为基础；其二，道德与科学性质是根本不同的；其三，合理科学活动与合理道德实践分享共同的客观事实基础，共同的反向思维方式以及由此形成的现实主义、消极主义态度。两者关系可谓“性相远，习相近”。     

“Don’t give up on me”: critical mentoring pedagogy for the classroom building students’ community cultural wealth

This one-year ethnographic case study focused on students of color from a West Coast High School who faced a variety of academic challenges. Collectively, they shared perspectives on school improvement, and among the recommendations was the importance of mentorship in the classroom to develop students’ aspirational, navigational, and informational capital for academic resiliency, high expectations, and success. This article highlights the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, such as students and teachers, on the qualities of mentorship practices. Using these data, a framework was developed to promote mentoring as an interrelated process in classroom instruction to ignite a new perspective on school reform. In this particular context, this study concludes that these students of color viewed mentorship as a critical component that was often missing in their high school careers. In an effort to improve students’ experiences in the classroom, this article argues that teachers must develop critical mentoring skills, beyond what is traditionally considered as mentoring services, as a pedagogical tool to assist students to overcome their academic challenges and achieve school success.     

“认祖”与“审父”：新写实小说的文化发生学检视

作为新时期交坛权力话语之一，新写实小说无疑已经成为参照型历史本。究其发生与演进，自然有着深刻而复杂的社会与化渊源，并相当程度上影响了世纪末中国小说的化品位及基本路向。值此世界之交，透过峥崂表象以检视其生成背景，进而省察其无倾向、无英雄、无技巧、无深度等“四无”式本品格，对于当下的小说新创而言，显然不失为一种启示性回眸。     

C-半群的临界谱

在本文中我们讨论了C-半群的临界谱,获得了C-半群的临界谱定理。     

杜甫与《兵车行》

杜甫是我国文学史上伟大的现实主义诗人,被誉为“诗圣”。自唐以来,他的诗就被公认为“诗史”。他所处的时代,是唐帝国由盛而衰的一个急剧转变的时代。杜甫从上流社会到社会底层,一生多舛,遭遇悲惨,饱经磨难。《兵车行》是杜甫写出的第一首直接为人民说话的诗,是其诗歌创作的转折点,也是他现实生活转折的写照。     

开放性问题在数学教育中的作用

数学教育的根本目的是培养学生的各种数学能力 .在数学教育中 ,开放性问题对于激发学生学习的兴趣 ,训练学生数学建模的方法 ,培养学生的发散思维能力 ,培养批判精神等 ,都具有重要的意义和作用 .