浅析教师的教学决策的智慧

教师的教学决策贯穿于整个的教学过程的始终,教师教学决策分为计划的决策、互动的决策和评价的决策三个不同的类型,在当前新课改的三维模式培养的教学实践中,教学决策应着力强调以人为本的理念,从而关注学生的全方位发展。本文就教师教学决策的类型,决策的有效性分析及教师的专业成长的反思等几个方面对教师的教学决策进行了更为深入的探析,以此提高教师决策有效性的同时推动教育进步。     

Contextual influences on baseball ball-strike decisions in umpires,players, and controls

Abstract

Baseball umpires, players, and control participants with no baseball experience were asked to call balls and strikes for video clips. In a basic judgement task, umpires and players were significantly better at calling pitches than controls. In a direct information task, borderline pitches were presented following clips of definite balls and definite strikes. Participants called target pitches closer to the strike end of the scale when viewed after definite balls than when they followed definite strikes. Similarly, when borderline pitches were shown in different pitch counts, participants called pitches more towards the strike end of the scale when there were three balls in the count (3–0, 3–2). These findings indicate that the standard for evaluation changes based on the context in which stimuli are processed. Moreover, the strength of the contextual factors is illustrated in that the effects were shown in observers with and without experience in the task. Overall, however, umpires had a greater tendency to call strikes, indicating that they may use a norm of “hastening the game”.     

A simple introduction to programming and statistics with decision trees in R

University students in other disciplines without prior knowledge in statistics and/or programming language are introduced to the statistical method of decision trees in the programming language R during a 45-minute teaching and practice session. Statistics and programming skills are now frequently required within a wide variety of research fields and private industries. However, students unfamiliar with these subjects may be reluctant to join a full course because of time or student workloads or other commitments or a belief it is not for them. The proposed session is short and can be used as an ice-breaker to let students have a basic understanding of running statistical models in programming language.     

Stages of Change in Relationship Status Questionnaire: Development and Validation

This study involved the development of the Stages of Change in Relationship Status (SOCRS) measure in 2 samples of college students. This scale is designed to measure how individuals progress through stages of change when terminating violent and nonviolent intimate relationships. Results indicated that the SOCRS is a reliable and valid tool to assess stages of change consistent with the guiding theory. Implications for practice are discussed.     

The Revised SEND Code of Practice 0–25: effective practice in engaging children and young people in decision‐making about interventions for social,emotional and mental health needs

A key principle upon which the Revised Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) Code of Practice 0–25 (2015) is based is children's involvement in decision‐making that affects them, and a significant change is the removal of the term ‘behaviour’ and an emphasis on social, emotional and mental health (SEMH) needs. To ensure that child involvement is a practical reality for children with SEMH needs, staff in schools benefit from a range of evidence‐informed strategies for engagement and participation. This article describes an approach to the provision of learning mentor services for children with SEMH in a primary school based on partnerships between the children and staff in establishing and measuring change. Limitations are noted and suggestions for future developments are also made.     

Deal or no deal? Some reflections on the ‘Baker-Thompson rule,’ ‘matching,’ and ‘market design’

ABSTRACT

This article raises the issue of why the idea of a ‘deal’ has become so prevalent in the discussion of political matters and policy proposals associated with future economic developments. It does this by linking the deal with several features of market design. Principal amongst these are game theory and matching algorithms. The Barker-Thompson Rule is presented as an example of a particular type of market construction operating in a game theoretic context, while the ‘matching engine’ is explored in a variety of contexts where it is argued to have become a standardized technique indicating to a possible reshaping of the economic terrain more generally. The consequences of these developments and trends are the emergence of a ‘dealing culture’ that threatens to overwhelm other forms of decision-making and consume the policy-making environment with the immediacy of its dealing logic.     

基于时间约束的双边多属性自动协商模型研究

提出时间约束的协商模型。由双边协商的需要首先将多属性归为两个协商区间进行研究,并提出基于时间约束的协商决策函数,以此建立时间约束下的多属性出价策略。注意到多卖方间的竞争关系,用贝叶斯纳什均衡的思想分析多卖方博弈模型,从而给出双边多属性的协商策略和决策依据。最后构造一个算例,对模型进行验证。     

基于模糊属性集的粗糙近似精度数据挖掘策略

为了提高信息系统的分类质量,探讨了一种在数据仓库中基于模糊属性集的粗糙逼近近似度量的数据挖掘策略.首先在决策表中给出了模糊属性集的原子概念表示及其对象的描述;再根据原子概念的特征构造了模糊属性集的粗糙上下近似表述;然后利用模糊属性重要性度量的概念,提出了利用逼近精度近似度量的数据挖掘方法进行模糊属性约减;最后应用算例说明如何在决策表中发现分类规则.实验结果表明此方法挖掘出的规则简练且合理可靠.     

公共决策科学化与民主化的路径选择

从公共决策科学化与民主化的内涵以及两者的辩证关系人手,阐述了实现我国公共决策民主化和科学化的路径选择,即转变公共决策观念;扩大公民有序参与;健全公共决策体制;提高公共决策者素质.