满江红的育孢技术及病虫害防治

满江红的育孢是为了让其度过不良环境,有利于品种保存、运输,使人工诱变成为现实,提高对自然界的适应能力．在满江红育孢过程中常因病虫害而失去最佳时期,因此病虫害防治极其重要     

Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX

BackgroundThere are limited data on factors that predict an increased risk of multiple injuries among distance runners. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors that are predictive of individual runners with a high annual multiple injury risk (MIR).MethodsA retrospective, cross-sectional study at 4 annual (2012–2015) Two Oceans 21.1 km and 56.0 km races in South Africa with 75,401 consenting race entrants. Running-related injury data were collected retrospectively through an online pre-race medical screening questionnaire. The average number of injuries for each runner every year was calculated by taking a runner''s race entry history and injury history into account and categorizing entrants into 4 MIR categories (high, intermediate, low, and very low (reference)). Multiple logistic regression modeling (odds ratios) was used to determine whether the following factors were predictive of a high MIR (average > 1 injury/year): demographics, training and racing, chronic-disease history (composite chronic disease score (CCDS)), and history of allergies.ResultsOf all entrants, 9.2% reported at least 1 injury, and 0.4% of entrants were in the high MIR category; the incidence rate was 2.5 injuries per 10 runner-years (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4–2.7). Significant factors predictive of runners in the high MIR category were: running for > 20 years: OR = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.3–3.1; p = 0.0010); a higher CCDS: OR = 2.2 (95%CI: 2.0–2.4; p < 0.0001); and a history of allergies: OR = 2.8 (95%CI: 2.0–3.8; p < 0.0001).ConclusionRunners who have been running recreationally for > 20 years and those with multiple chronic diseases or a history of allergies were at higher risk of multiple running-related injuries. This high-risk group can be targeted for further study and possible injury-prevention interventions.     

The information experience and learning needs of couples living with HIV in Malawi

In this feature, guest writer Kondwani Wella presents an overview of his PhD – a study which investigated the information experience of serodiscordant couples with HIV and AIDS in Malawi. In particular, for this article, he considers the information behaviour of people who need HIV‐ and AIDS‐specific information and the role of the librarian in helping to deliver what is needed to support engagement in relevant learning. H.S.     

妇科电视腹腔镜手术中转开腹的分析

目的 分析必要的中转开腹在妇科腹腔镜手术中对减少并发症的临床应用价值。方法 对296例采用电视腹腔镜手术技术的妇科手术进行总结分析，探讨其中转开腹的原因。结果 296例患者中有287例在电视腹腔镜下顺利完成，9例因各种原因术中转为开腹完成手术，中转开腹率3．1％。结论 妇科腹腔镜手术中遇到严重的盆腔粘连，内出血止血困难，泌尿道损伤，未预计的恶性肿瘤，尝试新手术失败，及时中转开腹是明智的选择。     

核桃栽培中的主要病虫害及防治

本文结合生产实际,对核桃栽培中的主要病虫害种类、危害特点、防治方法进行了归纳总结,以期为核桃病虫害的防治提供依据。     

药用植物金银花病虫害种类及综合防治

金银花是重要的药用植物,在中医临床上应用具有悠久的历史.本文就金银花病虫害的种类、危害特点及其防治技术进行了研究和总结,旨在为人工种植金银花的病虫害防治提供参考.     

教师课堂沟通 "四失"及校本培训策略

教学过程首先被理解为师生的沟通与交往过程，因此，我们从师生在课堂沟通中教师获取信息与表达信息时的病态行为作为分析教学疾病的研究视角。提出了课堂教学的“四失”现象，分为教学失明、教学失聪、教学失范与教学失控，以使教学疾病研究立足于课堂，并不断深化于学科教学之中。同时。提出了教师课堂沟通“四失”的主要培训策略：案例分析、行为反馈、体验疏导。以期理论研究能转化为实践力量。     

Lung surfactant

Lung surfactant, a lipo-protein complex, is a highly surface-active material found in the fluid lining the air-liquid interface of the alveolar surface. Surfactant plays a dual function of preventing alveolar collapse during breathing cycle and protection of the lungs from injuries and infections caused by foreign bodies and pathogens. Varying degrees of structure-function abnormalities of surfactant have been associated with obstructive lung diseases, respiratory infections, respiratory distress syndromes, interstitial lung diseases, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and smoking. For some pulmonary conditions, especially respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant therapy is on the horizon.     

Socioeconomic risk factors for gynecologic diseases of married rural women in Zhejiang province

The authors investigated socioeconomic factors associated with prevalent gynecologic diseases in data provided by participants in Women’s Health and Health Education Study Program. In 1997, 1515 Zhejiang married rural women aged 15–49 years completed health questionnaires given them by trained medical students who interviewed them at their homes. Single factor and multiple factors analysis were used to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and gynecologic morbidity. The data obtained in this study showed that the gynecologic morbidity of the studied married rural women had certain relationship to age, abortion times postnatal consultation visits and other socioeconomic factors. The finding would be helpful for understanding the current reproductive health of married rural women and preventing gynecologic diseases by controlling the risk factors. Project supported by Dreyfus Health Foundation, USA & Bristol-Myeres Squibb Company, USA (Shanghai)     

西汉时期的疾疫之灾

本文胪列出西汉时期的疾疫之灾,认为其特点为:在数量和频率上都不算太大,其危害程度也不为剧烈,常作为其他灾种的伴随物而出现,西汉政府对疾疫的救治并没有采取积极的治本的措施.