面向区域新业态的地方高校金属材料工程专业改造升级路径研究

本文从适应地方新业态的金属材料工程专业改造和升级路径出发,探索对接产业需求的人才培养模式,形成与信息技术深度融合兼有学科交叉特点的课程体系,探索具有新工科特色的专业人才培养质量评价体系,以期实现地方应用型高校传统工科专业的改造升级和跨越式发展。     

Enabling Mg metal anodes rechargeable in conventional electrolytes by fast ionic transport interphase

Rechargeable magnesium batteries have received extensive attention as the Mg anodes possess twice the volumetric capacity of their lithium counterparts and are dendrite-free. However, Mg anodes suffer from surface passivation film in most glyme-based conventional electrolytes, leading to irreversible plating/stripping behavior of Mg. Here we report a facile and safe method to obtain a modified Mg metal anode with a Sn-based artificial layer via ion-exchange and alloying reactions. In the artificial coating layer, Mg₂Sn alloy composites offer a channel for fast ion transport and insulating MgCl₂/SnCl₂ bestows the necessary potential gradient to prevent deposition on the surface. Significant improved ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte interfaces and decreased overpotential of Mg symmetric cells in Mg(TFSI)₂/DME electrolyte are obtained. The coated Mg anodes can sustain a stable plating/stripping process over 4000 cycles at a high current density of 6 mA cm⁻². This finding provides an avenue to facilitate fast ion diffusion kinetics of Mg metal anodes in conventional electrolytes.     

A highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@metal–organic framework composite for high-performance electrochemical energy storage

Most metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hardly maintain their physical and chemical properties after exposure to alkaline aqueous solutions, thus precluding their use as potential electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, we present the design and synthesis of a highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@MOF composite, Co₃O₄ nanocube@Co-MOF (Co₃O₄@Co-MOF), via a controllable and facile one-pot hydrothermal method under highly alkaline conditions. The obtained composite possesses exceptional alkaline stability, retaining its original structure in 3.0 M KOH for at least 15 days. Benefitting from the exceptional alkaline stability, unique structure, and larger surface area, the Co₃O₄@Co-MOF composite shows a specific capacitance as high as 1020 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A  g⁻¹ and a high cycling stability with only 3.3% decay after 5000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. The as-constructed solid-state flexible device exhibits a maximum energy density of 21.6 mWh cm⁻³.     

Encapsulating metal organic framework into hollow mesoporous carbon sphere as efficient oxygen bifunctional electrocatalyst

Applying metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in electrochemical systems is a currently emerging field owing to the rich metal nodes and highly specific surface area of MOFs. However, the problems for MOFs that need to be solved urgently are poor electrical conductivity and low ion transport. Here we present a facile in situ growth method for the rational synthesis of MOFs@hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS) yolk–shell-structured hybrid material for the first time. The size of the encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) is well controlled to 100 nm due to the spatial confinement effect of HMCS, and the electrical conductivity of ZIF-67 is also increased significantly. The ZIF@HMCS-25% hybrid material obtained exhibits a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction activity with 0.823 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) half-wave potential and an even higher kinetic current density (J_K = 13.8 mA cm⁻²) than commercial Pt/C. ZIF@HMCS-25% also displays excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance and the overpotential of ZIF@HMCS-25% at 10 mA cm⁻² is 407 mV. In addition, ZIF@HMCS-25% is further employed as an air electrode for a rechargeable Zn–air battery, exhibiting a high power density (120.2 mW cm⁻² at 171.4 mA cm⁻²) and long-term charge/discharge stability (80 h at 5 mA cm⁻²). This MOFs@HMCS yolk–shell design provides a versatile method for the application of MOFs as electrocatalysts directly.     

2000—2015年中国铜废碎料贸易及效益风险分析

铜是具有重要战略意义的关键金属。中国长期以来进口“六类废杂铜”和“七类废杂铜”两种废碎料来冶炼再生铜。本文基于海关贸易和有色金属工业统计数据,利用物质流分析和生命周期评价方法研究了铜废碎料贸易的资源、环境和经济效益以及环境与健康风险。结果显示：①2000—2015年,中国累计进口铜废碎料实物量6680万t,其中含金属铜约2000万t,占同期国内再生铜累计产量的56%;②相比利用铜矿石生产精炼铜,利用进口铜废碎料生产再生铜在非生物性资源消耗、温室效应和人体毒性等方面减少了一系列环境影响,同时累计节约铜矿山投资成本约580亿美元。然而,进口的“七类废杂铜”在带来资源效益的同时也造成严重的区域性环境与健康风险：一是进口低品位铜废碎料中夹杂大量有机物,在拆解和熔炼过程中容易产生二恶英等有毒有害物质;二是部分工业园区和小企业在工艺、技术、空间布局和生产管理等方面的落后引发了局部地区较为严重的环境和健康危害。因此,建议辩证和全面地认识铜废碎料进口带来的效益和风险,在坚决禁止进口“以回收铜为主的废电机、电线、电缆和五金电器”这些“七类废杂铜”的同时,继续利用进口“六类废杂铜”作为重要的铜资源,以降低中国对原生铜矿石的依赖以及造成的采矿和原矿冶炼阶段的环境影响。     

双斜撑箱形井架找正执行标准的探讨

大型钢结构箱形井架有单斜撑和双斜撑之分,根据井架结构形式的不同安装找正所执行的标准也不同,在井架安装过程中发现,同是双斜撑的井架由于其本身结构的不同,在找正时执行标准也应该区别对待.     

强磁场下液态金属在竖直平板外的自由对流换热

托克马克装置中面向等离子体部件在不同的位置存在很大的温差,导致面向等离子体部件表面液态金属产生自由对流。以此为背景,实验研究液态金属受横向磁场影响下竖直壁面上的自由对流换热规律。实验采用K型热电偶测量环境与壁面两侧的温度,利用多普勒超声波测速仪测量壁面上的液态金属速度,分析不同磁场强度和加热热流密度条件对竖直平板外表面的流动与换热影响规律。研究表明：竖直平板的局部换热系数与特征长度成反比,即距加热平板起始段越远换热越弱,同时增强加热功率使表面换热系数增加。在强磁场条件下,壁面边界层的流动与换热均普遍被抑制;但是在弱磁场下,增加磁场会强化平板表面的自由对流与换热,根据实验结果发现该转折点出现在磁相互作用数为1~4的范围。     

电磁振动对金属粉末注射型坯结构均匀性的影响

把电磁振动技术引入到金属粉末注射成型中,在一定的工艺条件下,逐步调节振动频率和振幅,制备出不同振动条件的注射型坯,并通过SEM等实验手段对型坯的物料分散状态和微观结构进行研究,以探讨振动频率和振幅对型坯微观结构的影响。结果表明：施加振动后,型坯微观结构均散程度大大提高,且随着振动频率或振幅的不断增大,均散程度逐渐达到最好后,均匀和完善程度有所降低,但仍然好于稳态成型时的状态。     

预处理对纸浆无污染漂白的影响

分析比较了酸预处理及螯合剂预处理对未漂浆中金属离子分布及浆质量的影响以及对预处理浆漂白效果的影响。结果说明,纸浆无污染漂白前的预处理是改善未漂浆金属离子分布,提高漂白效果的重要措施;而且酸预处理比螯合剂预处理效果要好,经济上也是可行的。     

畸变:另类的女性存在

在现代文学中,无论是男性作家还是女性作家,都用丑化的叙述模式,书写了一群心理危机、人格缺失、行为变异的畸变女性形象,他们把这类女性置于社会、历史、文化等诸多矛盾和复杂关系之中,以性的压抑作为焦点,探究她们畸变的生成过程。情的“失时”导致了心理的畸变,也伴随着怨恨的产生,她们既因袭着传统的怨妇心理,又有着暴戾、乖张的行为方式,她们既是父权社会的受害者,又是父权社会的反抗者,还是父权社会的共谋者,在性格和命运上显示着双重悲剧。她们用变态的模式对传统女性进行报复式的解构,显示着深刻的批判性而缺乏重构性。