从差序格局到扩展的差序格局——关于中国社会关系结构变迁解释的理论述评

作为传统社会关系结构的差序格局,发展到现代社会已经发生了很大的变化,集中体现在：以伦理为基础的差序格局纳入情感、理性因素,差序格局的范围在扩大,差序格局呈现横向和纵向的立体结构,＂城市版＂的差序格局以及具有时-空意识的＂差序场＂。自利益进入差序格局后,人际关系的等级原则在逐渐弱化,理性化的人际关系正在淡化中国的社会关系结构,出现了＂工具性差序格局＂、＂紧缩圈层＂、＂内核-外围＂、＂逆差序格局＂等理性化的社会关系结构。现代中国社会人际关系的发展虽注入了现代的因素,但依然以传统伦理为根基,并非完全理性选择的结果。     

Cultural Background Knowledge and English Teaching

Culture background knowledge in English teaching arose in eighties of the twentieth century. It has been closely linked with the reformation and open in China. With the increase of exchange between China and English speaking countries resulting from the reform and opening policy to the outside world, people have come to find that due to the lack of profound knowledge of the culture of the English speaking, "cultural shock"or "cultural conflict" often arises when Chinese people communicate with Westerners, which leads to the realization that the pure-linguistic centered English teaching form cannot meet the demands of the social development any longer. Culture teaching must be introduced into English teaching in order to learn English language well and communicate well.This essay explains the importance of the cultural background knowledge teaching through analyzing the relationship of the language and culture as well as communicating barrier caused by the cultural differences, and it also submits falsifiable suggestions about how to introduce background knowledge into English teaching.     

从社会调查看民国时期华北地区的人口状况

从李景汉和当时其他学者的调查入手,考察华北地区人口的性别比例和增长类型,从而引出对人地关系的探讨,并且以后者为重点。同时,从人地关系的分析中,还可以得知农民并非是一个愚昧、落后的群体,他们对农业生产、日常生活的安排都是有一定合理性的,在他们的生活中潜藏着一种朴素的智慧。     

基于人才培养的高职院校产教融合问题与对策研究

以产教融合为核心,精心设计人才培养模式,能够提高教学质量,更好地培养专业人才。文章阐述高职院校产教融合现状,分析高职院校产教融合中的校企关系,探讨高职院校产教融合存在的问题及原因,指出高职院校要构建产教融合机制,就要更新教师教育观念,认真设计实训方案,注重合作模式的创新。     

Transforming,storing and consuming athletic experiences: a coach’s narrative of using a video application

The analysis of sport performance in competitive contexts has become synonymous with the use of a range of software applications and hardware e.g. heart rate monitors and gps systems. With the prevalence of technology in mind, a small but growing corpus of literature has begun to consider this phenomenon and its influence upon the coaching process. This study adds to this literature by detailing the autoethnographic experiences of a case study coach; Derek. A contextualised and richly described narrative account of Derek’s experience of using coaching applications is provided. Analysis of Derek’s narrative suggests that technology can be a useful means by which individuals make sense of their experience. Specifically, (1) technology can be a ‘ready-to-hand’ instrument that enhances the coaching process. Unfortunately, (2) technology may become the only and ‘calculative’ means by which individuals come to understand their performance. In such instances, it is important to note that (3) the videos we use to understand our performance are transformed and incomplete representations of lived athletic experiences. Thus, Derek’s story illustrates how technology can be both an enabler and barrier to athletes who wish to holistically understand their own lived experiences and engage in coach-athlete relationships. The accompanying analysis draws upon concepts from Heideggerian philosophy to add insight into the use of technology within the coaching process. In so doing, the study prompts coaches to critically view their coach-athlete relationships as situated in a wider world which contains, and can be mediated by, technology. In addition, Derek’s story (re)directs researchers and coaching practitioners interested in technology to a useful literature (philosophy of technology) which may further inform their understanding of coach-athlete relationships.     

不同关系港口间的博弈

为研究港口间存在的领导-追随、竞争-竞争、合作-合作和合作-竞争等多种关系对港口吞吐量和收益的影响,构建博弈模型分析比较不同关系下的港口的吞吐量和收益.研究结果表明:(1)对于处于领导地位的港口而言,在领导-追随关系下的收益和吞吐量大于在竞争-竞争关系下的吞吐量和收益;对处于追随地位的港口而言,情况恰好相反.(2)在主从关系中,虽然处于领导地位的港口有较大的先发优势,但港口双方也有合作的积极性.由于背叛行为可能会出现,政府应该加强对港口的监管.     

Assessment of leg muscles mechanical capacities: Which jump,loading, and variable type provide the most reliable outcomes?

This study aimed to explore the strength of the force–velocity (F–V) relationship of lower limb muscles and the reliability of its parameters (maximum force [F₀], slope [a], maximum velocity [V₀], and maximum power [P₀]). Twenty-three men were tested in two different jump types (squat and countermovement jump: SJ and CMJ), performed under two different loading conditions (free weight and Smith machine: Free and Smith) with 0, 17, 30, 45, 60, and 75?kg loads. The maximum and averaged values of F and V were obtained for the F–V relationship modelling. All F–V relationships were strong and linear independently whether observed from the averaged across the participants (r?≥?0.98) or individual data (r?=?0.94–0.98), while their parameters were generally highly reliable (F₀ [CV: 4.85%, ICC: 0.87], V₀ [CV: 6.10%, ICC: 0.82], a [CV: 10.5%, ICC: 0.81], and P₀ [CV: 3.5%, ICC: 0.93]). Both the strength of the F–V relationships and the reliability of their parameters were significantly higher for (1) the CMJ over the SJ, (2) the Free over the Smith loading type, and (3) the maximum over the averaged F and V variables. In conclusion, although the F–V relationships obtained from all the jumps tested were linear and generally highly reliable, the less appropriate choice for testing the F–V relationship could be through the averaged F and V data obtained from the SJ performed either in a Free weight or in a Smith machine. Insubstantial differences exist among the other combinations tested.     

American Commentaries

ABSTRACT

Despite widespread assertions as to the ‘Americanization’ of British culture in the first half of the twentieth century, the true extent of this cultural transfer remains open to question. This article considers what the British people actually knew about ‘America’, its institutions, culture and way of life, in this period through an analysis of coverage of the USA in the British news media (press, newsreels and wireless) in the inter-war years. Specific attention is paid to the attempts of the BBC – in particular through the broadcasting work of Raymond Gram Swing and Alistair Cooke – to provide an understanding of contemporary America beyond the widely cited stereotypes of ‘Chicago gangsters and Hollywood blondes'.     

浅析健美操中动作与音乐的关系

本文通过对健美操中动作与音乐之间的相互联系,阐述了健美操中音乐与动作的关系:音乐是健美操的灵魂,而动作又是它的一种表现形式,它们之间是相辅相承,不可分割的一个整体。     

体育教学注重教育情感构建和谐师生关系

本文对体育课教学中教育情感与和谐师生的关系进行了分析,认为教育情感是建立师生之间和谐关系的基础。和谐的师生关系不仅是教师提高教学质量的需要,而且也是学生提升学习动机的需要。在体育教学中,和谐的师生关系才能培养学生的自信心,增强学生的学习热情,达到良好的教学效果。