我国社会体育指导员发展的动力与平衡机制探讨

建立社会体育指导员适度的动力和平衡机制,处理好我国社会体育指导员发展动力与平衡协调的相互关系,是我国社会体育指导员未来发展的重要因素。对我国社会体育指导员发展的动力机制进行探讨,认为经济推动力是社会体育指导员发展的核心动力、政治推动力规定了社会体育指导员发展的基本方向、文化推动力对社会体育指导员发展具有持久作用;并对构建我国社会体育指导员发展的平衡机制进行了探讨。     

健身反向走对老年女性平衡能力的影响

为探讨反向走改善或提高机体平衡能力的价值,本研究以26名61～70岁的老年女性为研究对象,随机分为2组,一组进行常规健身锻炼（正向快走或慢跑）,一组进行反向走锻炼。2组老年人在锻炼开始前和锻炼12周后,检测平衡功能（闲眼单脚站立时间、Footscan测力台系统静态睁眼双足站立测试和身体最大活动幅度测试、步态分析）。研究结果发现：12周锻炼后,反向走组老年人的闭眼单脚站立时间明显延长,身体最大活动幅度测试中X轴方向运动的最大和最小幅度明显增加,步态分析中右足跟到达最大压力的时间明显增加、身体重心额状轴最大位移明显降低。而常规健身组老年人只是在身体最大活动幅度测试中X轴方向运动的最小幅度明显增加。上述结果说明：反向走与正向快走或慢跑相比,可显著改善老年人的平衡功能,因此可以作为老年人平衡能力锻炼的一种新方式。     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.     

城市高龄老人肌力、柔韧、平衡能力的分析——以南京市城区老龄人口为例

通过调查测定544名70岁以上南京市城市高龄老人身体机能的部分指标,结果表明:南京市城市高龄老人的肌力、柔韧性、平衡能力等均处于一个较低的水平,并且在70岁高龄之后各项机能指标仍然呈现下降的趋势.有运动习惯者在握力以及柔韧性方面优于无运动习惯者.     

New Structures,New Strategies: CSIRO’s Changing Role in Australian Innovation

Abstract

CSIRO’s role in Australian innovation has evolved over the years in response to changes in the external environment and within Australia’s national innovation system. The process of organisational change has been characterised by a series of restructurings—in 1978, 1988, 1996 and 2001—and accompanying shifts in the organisation’s strategic directions. In this paper we look at the process of organisational change in an historical context, looking at the evolving external environment, the legislative and management background, and the shifts in the organisation’s strategic directions. The change process is interpreted from a punctuated equilibrium perspective. We propose that discontinuous, rather than continuous change, is the way that a complex and diversified organisation like CSIRO adjusts to a changing external environment and, moreover, that independent public reviews have an important role in this process. In the light of major changes in the Australian and scientific landscapes over the past two decades we suggest it is time to look again at CSIRO’s role and the sustainability of its internal management arrangements.     

国际田联《男子十项全能评分表》修改初探

全能评分表不仅是评定运动员成绩的非常重要的依据,而且对全能运动的训练也起着十分重要的作用.国际田联公布的全能评分表,存在着一些问题,包括:起点、终点是否合适,各项评分是否累进;各项评分之间是否平衡.主要采用变参数曲线拟合法对国际田联<男子十项全能评分表>进行改进,并适当修改原评分表的起点、终点,使新评分表各项得分更加均衡、合理.     

转型期多元利益的协调与均衡：构建和谐社会的关键

随着我国社会的转型和体制的转轨，人们之间的利益分化日益明显，利益矛盾和利益冲突也日渐突出，我国开始进入了利益博弈时期。我们要在改革进程中协调多元利益关系，必须要通过建立健全畅通的利益表达机制和公正的利益均衡机制，确保社会各阶层都能从改革和发展中实现收入和福利的增进，这将是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键。     

均衡理论的视角：取消“五一”黄金周的相关问题及对策探讨

以黄金周为单位的长假旅游通过集中休假的方式拉动消费，在改变国人休闲观念的同时，给交通、旅游部门带来了巨大压力，并造成长假前后消费萧条等问题。现拟取消“五一”黄金周，增加传统节日。从均衡理论来看，节日调整利大于弊。因此，应针对节日调整后可能出现的问题，寻求对策，引导假日旅游消费健康发展。     

基于清洁发展机制的碳减排投资机制设计研究

采用清洁发展机制下碳排放总量限制的减排政策时,企业吸引投资者对减排方面的相关技术和设备的投资非常重要。由于企业和投资者之间信息的不对称,投资者无法判断企业是高收益企业还是低收益企业。基于此,本文构建了企业和投资者之间的信号传递博弈模型,结果表明,企业用自身收益的一定比例换取投资者对新上项目的投资,对低收益企业的投资概率要大于高收益企业;在不区分企业收益情况下,进而研究了达到预期减排目标的企业和投资者之间的混同完美贝叶斯均衡策略,为投资者的投资决策提供了参考依据。     

基于市场均衡理论的高校毕业生就业促进策略探析

基于市场均衡理论的角度考虑高校毕业生就业促进的问题,有利于毕业生供需平衡,从而更好促进社会稳定、经济增长。为此,高校及相关部门,一方面应重视高校毕业生就业信息平台建设,减少信息不对称;另一方面应优化高校毕业生就业政策,促进供求均衡;同时,深化就业市场建设,消除就业歧视。